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An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birth-weight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bro...

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Autor principal: Lee, Jang Hoon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Pediatric Society 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250602/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22232629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.9.368
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author Lee, Jang Hoon
author_facet Lee, Jang Hoon
author_sort Lee, Jang Hoon
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description Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birth-weight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental delays. The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC is structural and immunological intestinal immaturity. In preterm infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts, development of NEC may be associated with a variety of factors, such as colonization with pathogenic bacteria, secondary ischemia, genetic polymorphisms conferring NEC susceptibility, anemia with red blood cell transfusion, and sensitization to cow milk proteins. To date, a variety of preventive strategies has been accepted or attempted in clinical practice with regard to the pathogenesis of NEC. These strategies include the use of breast feeding, various feeding strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine and arginine, and lactoferrin. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of breast feeding and the use of probiotics in infants with birth weights above 1,000 g, and these strategies are commonly used in clinical practice. Other preventive strategies, however, require further research to establish their effect on NEC.
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spelling pubmed-32506022012-01-09 An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies Lee, Jang Hoon Korean J Pediatr Review Article Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most critical morbidities in preterm infants. The incidence of NEC is 7% in very-low-birth-weight infants, and its mortality is 15 to 30%. Infants who survive NEC have various complications, such as nosocomial infection, malnutrition, growth failure, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental delays. The most important etiology in the pathogenesis of NEC is structural and immunological intestinal immaturity. In preterm infants with immature gastrointestinal tracts, development of NEC may be associated with a variety of factors, such as colonization with pathogenic bacteria, secondary ischemia, genetic polymorphisms conferring NEC susceptibility, anemia with red blood cell transfusion, and sensitization to cow milk proteins. To date, a variety of preventive strategies has been accepted or attempted in clinical practice with regard to the pathogenesis of NEC. These strategies include the use of breast feeding, various feeding strategies, probiotics, prebiotics, glutamine and arginine, and lactoferrin. There is substantial evidence for the efficacy of breast feeding and the use of probiotics in infants with birth weights above 1,000 g, and these strategies are commonly used in clinical practice. Other preventive strategies, however, require further research to establish their effect on NEC. The Korean Pediatric Society 2011-09 2011-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3250602/ /pubmed/22232629 http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.9.368 Text en Copyright © 2011 by The Korean Pediatric Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Lee, Jang Hoon
An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
title An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
title_full An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
title_fullStr An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
title_full_unstemmed An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
title_short An update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
title_sort update on necrotizing enterocolitis: pathogenesis and preventive strategies
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250602/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22232629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.9.368
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