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The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study
BACKGROUND: Androgens are crucial for normal testicular descent. Studies show that some pesticides have estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects, and that female workers exposed to pesticides have increased risk of having a boy with cryptorchidism. The main objective of the present study was to investig...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250937/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22082298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-100 |
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author | Gabel, Pernille Jensen, Morten Søndergaard Andersen, Helle Raun Baelum, Jesper Thulstrup, Ane Marie Bonde, Jens Peter Toft, Gunnar |
author_facet | Gabel, Pernille Jensen, Morten Søndergaard Andersen, Helle Raun Baelum, Jesper Thulstrup, Ane Marie Bonde, Jens Peter Toft, Gunnar |
author_sort | Gabel, Pernille |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Androgens are crucial for normal testicular descent. Studies show that some pesticides have estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects, and that female workers exposed to pesticides have increased risk of having a boy with cryptorchidism. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether pregnant women exposed to pesticides due to their work in horticulture experience excess risk of having sons with cryptorchidism. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of pregnant women working in horticulture using four cohorts including one cohort established with data from the departments of occupational medicine in Jutland and Funen and three existing mother-child cohorts (n = 1,468). A reference group was established from the entire Danish population of boys born in the period of 1986-2007 (n = 783,817). Nationwide Danish health registers provided information on birth outcome, cryptorchidism diagnosis and orchiopexy. The level of occupational exposure to pesticides was assessed by expert judgment blinded towards outcome status. Risk of cryptorchidism among exposed horticulture workers compared to the background population and to unexposed horticulture workers was assessed by Cox regression models. RESULTS: Pesticide exposed women employed in horticulture had a hazard ratio (HR) of having cryptorchid sons of 1.39 (95% CI 0.84; 2.31) and a HR of orchiopexy of 1.34 (0.72; 2.49) compared to the background population. Analysis divided into separate cohorts revealed a significantly increased risk of cryptorchidism in cohort 2: HR 2.58 (1.07;6.20) and increased risk of orchiopexy in cohort 4: HR 2.76 (1.03;7.35), but no significant associations in the other cohorts. Compared to unexposed women working in horticulture, pesticide exposed women had a risk of having sons with cryptorchidism of 1.34 (0.30; 5.96) and of orchiopexy of 1.93 (0.24;15.4). CONCLUSIONS: The data are compatible with a slightly increased risk of cryptorchidism in sons of women exposed to pesticides by working in horticulture. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3250937 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32509372012-01-05 The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study Gabel, Pernille Jensen, Morten Søndergaard Andersen, Helle Raun Baelum, Jesper Thulstrup, Ane Marie Bonde, Jens Peter Toft, Gunnar Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Androgens are crucial for normal testicular descent. Studies show that some pesticides have estrogenic or antiandrogenic effects, and that female workers exposed to pesticides have increased risk of having a boy with cryptorchidism. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether pregnant women exposed to pesticides due to their work in horticulture experience excess risk of having sons with cryptorchidism. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of pregnant women working in horticulture using four cohorts including one cohort established with data from the departments of occupational medicine in Jutland and Funen and three existing mother-child cohorts (n = 1,468). A reference group was established from the entire Danish population of boys born in the period of 1986-2007 (n = 783,817). Nationwide Danish health registers provided information on birth outcome, cryptorchidism diagnosis and orchiopexy. The level of occupational exposure to pesticides was assessed by expert judgment blinded towards outcome status. Risk of cryptorchidism among exposed horticulture workers compared to the background population and to unexposed horticulture workers was assessed by Cox regression models. RESULTS: Pesticide exposed women employed in horticulture had a hazard ratio (HR) of having cryptorchid sons of 1.39 (95% CI 0.84; 2.31) and a HR of orchiopexy of 1.34 (0.72; 2.49) compared to the background population. Analysis divided into separate cohorts revealed a significantly increased risk of cryptorchidism in cohort 2: HR 2.58 (1.07;6.20) and increased risk of orchiopexy in cohort 4: HR 2.76 (1.03;7.35), but no significant associations in the other cohorts. Compared to unexposed women working in horticulture, pesticide exposed women had a risk of having sons with cryptorchidism of 1.34 (0.30; 5.96) and of orchiopexy of 1.93 (0.24;15.4). CONCLUSIONS: The data are compatible with a slightly increased risk of cryptorchidism in sons of women exposed to pesticides by working in horticulture. BioMed Central 2011-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3250937/ /pubmed/22082298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-100 Text en Copyright ©2011 Gabel et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Gabel, Pernille Jensen, Morten Søndergaard Andersen, Helle Raun Baelum, Jesper Thulstrup, Ane Marie Bonde, Jens Peter Toft, Gunnar The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study |
title | The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study |
title_full | The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study |
title_fullStr | The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study |
title_short | The risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in Denmark: a cohort study |
title_sort | risk of cryptorchidism among sons of women working in horticulture in denmark: a cohort study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3250937/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22082298 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-100 |
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