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Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives
The mechanism of action of protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK; KRESTIN(®)) involves the following actions: (1) recovery from immunosuppression induced by humoral factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or as a result of surgery and chemotherapy; (2) activation of antitumor immune respons...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Japan
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00595-011-0075-7 |
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author | Maehara, Yoshihiko Tsujitani, Shunichi Saeki, Hiroshi Oki, Eiji Yoshinaga, Keiji Emi, Yasunori Morita, Masaru Kohnoe, Shunji Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yano, Tokujiro Baba, Hideo |
author_facet | Maehara, Yoshihiko Tsujitani, Shunichi Saeki, Hiroshi Oki, Eiji Yoshinaga, Keiji Emi, Yasunori Morita, Masaru Kohnoe, Shunji Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yano, Tokujiro Baba, Hideo |
author_sort | Maehara, Yoshihiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mechanism of action of protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK; KRESTIN(®)) involves the following actions: (1) recovery from immunosuppression induced by humoral factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or as a result of surgery and chemotherapy; (2) activation of antitumor immune responses including maturation of dendritic cells, correction of Th1/Th2 imbalance, and promotion of interleukin-15 production by monocytes; and (3) enhancement of the antitumor effect of chemotherapy by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis through direct actions on tumor cells. The clinical effectiveness of PSK has been demonstrated for various cancers. In patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, combined use of PSK with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs survival, and this effect has been confirmed in multiple meta-analyses. For small-cell lung carcinoma, PSK in conjunction with chemotherapy prolongs the remission period. In addition, PSK has been shown to be effective against various other cancers, reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and improve quality of life. Future studies should examine the effects of PSK under different host immune conditions and tumor properties, elucidate the mechanism of action exhibited in each situation, and identify biomarkers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3253283 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Springer Japan |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32532832012-01-20 Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives Maehara, Yoshihiko Tsujitani, Shunichi Saeki, Hiroshi Oki, Eiji Yoshinaga, Keiji Emi, Yasunori Morita, Masaru Kohnoe, Shunji Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yano, Tokujiro Baba, Hideo Surg Today Review Article The mechanism of action of protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK; KRESTIN(®)) involves the following actions: (1) recovery from immunosuppression induced by humoral factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or as a result of surgery and chemotherapy; (2) activation of antitumor immune responses including maturation of dendritic cells, correction of Th1/Th2 imbalance, and promotion of interleukin-15 production by monocytes; and (3) enhancement of the antitumor effect of chemotherapy by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of metastasis through direct actions on tumor cells. The clinical effectiveness of PSK has been demonstrated for various cancers. In patients with gastric or colorectal cancer, combined use of PSK with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs survival, and this effect has been confirmed in multiple meta-analyses. For small-cell lung carcinoma, PSK in conjunction with chemotherapy prolongs the remission period. In addition, PSK has been shown to be effective against various other cancers, reduce the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and improve quality of life. Future studies should examine the effects of PSK under different host immune conditions and tumor properties, elucidate the mechanism of action exhibited in each situation, and identify biomarkers. Springer Japan 2011-12-06 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3253283/ /pubmed/22139128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00595-011-0075-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Maehara, Yoshihiko Tsujitani, Shunichi Saeki, Hiroshi Oki, Eiji Yoshinaga, Keiji Emi, Yasunori Morita, Masaru Kohnoe, Shunji Kakeji, Yoshihiro Yano, Tokujiro Baba, Hideo Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
title | Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
title_full | Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
title_fullStr | Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
title_short | Biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide K (KRESTIN(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
title_sort | biological mechanism and clinical effect of protein-bound polysaccharide k (krestin(®)): review of development and future perspectives |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3253283/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22139128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00595-011-0075-7 |
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