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Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?

Risk factors for disease states are rigorously defined. This analysis considers the definition of a risk factor as applied to the question of whether the serum phosphorus level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Observational studies strongly suggest that phosphorus is associated with card...

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Autores principales: Hruska, Keith, Mathew, Suresh, Lund, Richard, Fang, Yifu, Sugatani, Toshifumi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.24
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author Hruska, Keith
Mathew, Suresh
Lund, Richard
Fang, Yifu
Sugatani, Toshifumi
author_facet Hruska, Keith
Mathew, Suresh
Lund, Richard
Fang, Yifu
Sugatani, Toshifumi
author_sort Hruska, Keith
collection PubMed
description Risk factors for disease states are rigorously defined. This analysis considers the definition of a risk factor as applied to the question of whether the serum phosphorus level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Observational studies strongly suggest that phosphorus is associated with cardiovascular risk, and definitive prospective animal studies are supportive. A plausible mechanism of action has been discovered demonstrating that phosphorus stimulates osteoblastic transition of cells in the neointima of atherosclerotic plaques, which, if prevented, blocks vascular calcification. However, prospective studies demonstrating that modulation of the putative risk factor affects clinical outcomes are lacking, and phosphorus, as yet, does not qualify as a cardiovascular risk factor. This is a clarion call for additional research.
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spelling pubmed-32609612012-01-18 Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify? Hruska, Keith Mathew, Suresh Lund, Richard Fang, Yifu Sugatani, Toshifumi Kidney Int Suppl Review Risk factors for disease states are rigorously defined. This analysis considers the definition of a risk factor as applied to the question of whether the serum phosphorus level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Observational studies strongly suggest that phosphorus is associated with cardiovascular risk, and definitive prospective animal studies are supportive. A plausible mechanism of action has been discovered demonstrating that phosphorus stimulates osteoblastic transition of cells in the neointima of atherosclerotic plaques, which, if prevented, blocks vascular calcification. However, prospective studies demonstrating that modulation of the putative risk factor affects clinical outcomes are lacking, and phosphorus, as yet, does not qualify as a cardiovascular risk factor. This is a clarion call for additional research. Nature Publishing Group 2011-04 2011-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3260961/ /pubmed/21346719 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.24 Text en Copyright © 2011 International Society of Nephrology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
spellingShingle Review
Hruska, Keith
Mathew, Suresh
Lund, Richard
Fang, Yifu
Sugatani, Toshifumi
Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
title Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
title_full Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
title_fullStr Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
title_full_unstemmed Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
title_short Cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
title_sort cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease: does phosphate qualify?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3260961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21346719
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.2011.24
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