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Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat
OBJECTIVES: With the increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine, the urology literature has seen a rapid growth in the number of high-quality randomized controlled trials along with increased statistical rigor in the reporting of study results. P-values, CI, and number needed to treat (NNT) are...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2011
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263226/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279324 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.91447 |
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author | Flechner, Lawrence Tseng, Timothy Y. |
author_facet | Flechner, Lawrence Tseng, Timothy Y. |
author_sort | Flechner, Lawrence |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: With the increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine, the urology literature has seen a rapid growth in the number of high-quality randomized controlled trials along with increased statistical rigor in the reporting of study results. P-values, CI, and number needed to treat (NNT) are becoming increasingly common in the literature. This paper seeks to familiarize the reader with statistical measures commonly used in the evidence-based literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The meaning and appropriate interpretation of these statistical measures is reviewed through the use of a clinical scenario. RESULTS: The reader will be better able to understand such statistical measures and apply them to the critical appraisal of the literature. CONCLUSIONS: P-values, CI, and NNT each provide a slightly different estimate of statistical truth. Together, they provide a more complete picture of the true effect observed in a study. An understanding of these measures is essential to the critical appraisal of study results in evidence-based medicine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3263226 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32632262012-01-25 Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat Flechner, Lawrence Tseng, Timothy Y. Indian J Urol Symposium OBJECTIVES: With the increasing emphasis on evidence-based medicine, the urology literature has seen a rapid growth in the number of high-quality randomized controlled trials along with increased statistical rigor in the reporting of study results. P-values, CI, and number needed to treat (NNT) are becoming increasingly common in the literature. This paper seeks to familiarize the reader with statistical measures commonly used in the evidence-based literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The meaning and appropriate interpretation of these statistical measures is reviewed through the use of a clinical scenario. RESULTS: The reader will be better able to understand such statistical measures and apply them to the critical appraisal of the literature. CONCLUSIONS: P-values, CI, and NNT each provide a slightly different estimate of statistical truth. Together, they provide a more complete picture of the true effect observed in a study. An understanding of these measures is essential to the critical appraisal of study results in evidence-based medicine. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2011 /pmc/articles/PMC3263226/ /pubmed/22279324 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.91447 Text en Copyright: © Indian Journal of Urology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Symposium Flechner, Lawrence Tseng, Timothy Y. Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
title | Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
title_full | Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
title_fullStr | Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
title_full_unstemmed | Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
title_short | Understanding results: P-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
title_sort | understanding results: p-values, confidence intervals, and number need to treat |
topic | Symposium |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263226/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22279324 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-1591.91447 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT flechnerlawrence understandingresultspvaluesconfidenceintervalsandnumberneedtotreat AT tsengtimothyy understandingresultspvaluesconfidenceintervalsandnumberneedtotreat |