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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and relatively painless tool that has been used to study various cognitive functions as well as to understand the brain–behavior relationship in normal individuals as well as in those with various neuropsychiatric disorders. It ha...

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Autores principales: Mishra, Biswa Ranjan, Sarkar, Sukanto, Praharaj, Samir Kumar, Mehta, Varun S., Diwedi, Shreyansh, Nizamie, S. Haque
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22346010
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.91935
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author Mishra, Biswa Ranjan
Sarkar, Sukanto
Praharaj, Samir Kumar
Mehta, Varun S.
Diwedi, Shreyansh
Nizamie, S. Haque
author_facet Mishra, Biswa Ranjan
Sarkar, Sukanto
Praharaj, Samir Kumar
Mehta, Varun S.
Diwedi, Shreyansh
Nizamie, S. Haque
author_sort Mishra, Biswa Ranjan
collection PubMed
description Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and relatively painless tool that has been used to study various cognitive functions as well as to understand the brain–behavior relationship in normal individuals as well as in those with various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has also been used as a therapeutic tool in various neuropsychiatric disorders because of its ability to specifically modulate distinct brain areas. Studies have shown that repeated stimulation at low frequency produces long-lasting inhibition, which is called as long-term depression, whereas repeated high-frequency stimulation can produce excitation through long-term potentiation. This paper reviews the current status of rTMS as an investigative and therapeutic modality in various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been used to study the cortical and subcortical functions, neural plasticity and brain mapping in normal individuals and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. rTMS has been most promising in the treatment of depression, with an overall milder adverse effect profile compared with electroconvulsive therapy. In other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, epilepsy and substance abuse, it has been found to be useful, although further studies are required to establish therapeutic efficacy. It appears to be ineffective in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. There is a paucity of studies of efficacy and safety of rTMS in pediatric and geriatric population. Although it appears safe, further research is required to optimize its efficacy and reduce the side-effects. Magnetic seizure therapy, which involves producing seizures akin to electroconvulsive therapy, appears to be of comparable efficacy in the treatment of depression with less cognitive adverse effects.
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spelling pubmed-32714602012-02-15 Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry Mishra, Biswa Ranjan Sarkar, Sukanto Praharaj, Samir Kumar Mehta, Varun S. Diwedi, Shreyansh Nizamie, S. Haque Ann Indian Acad Neurol Review: Management Updates (Reviews on Advances in Treatment) Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and relatively painless tool that has been used to study various cognitive functions as well as to understand the brain–behavior relationship in normal individuals as well as in those with various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has also been used as a therapeutic tool in various neuropsychiatric disorders because of its ability to specifically modulate distinct brain areas. Studies have shown that repeated stimulation at low frequency produces long-lasting inhibition, which is called as long-term depression, whereas repeated high-frequency stimulation can produce excitation through long-term potentiation. This paper reviews the current status of rTMS as an investigative and therapeutic modality in various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been used to study the cortical and subcortical functions, neural plasticity and brain mapping in normal individuals and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. rTMS has been most promising in the treatment of depression, with an overall milder adverse effect profile compared with electroconvulsive therapy. In other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, epilepsy and substance abuse, it has been found to be useful, although further studies are required to establish therapeutic efficacy. It appears to be ineffective in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. There is a paucity of studies of efficacy and safety of rTMS in pediatric and geriatric population. Although it appears safe, further research is required to optimize its efficacy and reduce the side-effects. Magnetic seizure therapy, which involves producing seizures akin to electroconvulsive therapy, appears to be of comparable efficacy in the treatment of depression with less cognitive adverse effects. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2011 /pmc/articles/PMC3271460/ /pubmed/22346010 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.91935 Text en Copyright: © Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review: Management Updates (Reviews on Advances in Treatment)
Mishra, Biswa Ranjan
Sarkar, Sukanto
Praharaj, Samir Kumar
Mehta, Varun S.
Diwedi, Shreyansh
Nizamie, S. Haque
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
title Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
title_full Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
title_fullStr Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
title_full_unstemmed Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
title_short Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
title_sort repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
topic Review: Management Updates (Reviews on Advances in Treatment)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22346010
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.91935
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