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Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History

Introduction Reviews of mass gathering events have traditionally concentrated on crowd variables that affect the level and type of medical care needed. Crowd disasters at mass gathering events have not been fully researched and this review examines these aiming to provide future suggestions for even...

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Autores principales: Soomaroo, Lee, Murray, Virginia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271949/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453897
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1301
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author Soomaroo, Lee
Murray, Virginia
author_facet Soomaroo, Lee
Murray, Virginia
author_sort Soomaroo, Lee
collection PubMed
description Introduction Reviews of mass gathering events have traditionally concentrated on crowd variables that affect the level and type of medical care needed. Crowd disasters at mass gathering events have not been fully researched and this review examines these aiming to provide future suggestions for event organisers, medical resource planners, and emergency services, including local hospital emergency departments. Methods A review was conducted using computerised data bases: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, HMIC and EMBASE, with Google used to widen the search beyond peer-reviewed publications, to identify grey literature. All peer-review literature articles found containing information pertaining to lessons identified from mass gathering crowd disasters were analysed and reviewed. Disasters occurring in extreme weather events, and environmental leading to participant illness were not included. These articles were read, analysed, abstracted and summarised. Results 156 articles from literature search were found detailing mass gathering disasters identified from 1971 – 2011. With only 21 cases found within peer-review literature. Twelve events were further documented as a case reports. Five events were examined as review articles while four events underwent commissioned inquiries. Analysis of cases were categorised in to crowd control, event access, fire safety, medical preparedness and emergency response. Conclusions Mass gathering events have an enormous potential to place a severe strain on the local health care system, and a mixture of high crowd density, restricted points of access, poor fire safety, minimum crowd control and lack of on-site medical care can lead to problems that end in disaster.
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spelling pubmed-32719492012-03-13 Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History Soomaroo, Lee Murray, Virginia PLoS Curr Disasters Introduction Reviews of mass gathering events have traditionally concentrated on crowd variables that affect the level and type of medical care needed. Crowd disasters at mass gathering events have not been fully researched and this review examines these aiming to provide future suggestions for event organisers, medical resource planners, and emergency services, including local hospital emergency departments. Methods A review was conducted using computerised data bases: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, HMIC and EMBASE, with Google used to widen the search beyond peer-reviewed publications, to identify grey literature. All peer-review literature articles found containing information pertaining to lessons identified from mass gathering crowd disasters were analysed and reviewed. Disasters occurring in extreme weather events, and environmental leading to participant illness were not included. These articles were read, analysed, abstracted and summarised. Results 156 articles from literature search were found detailing mass gathering disasters identified from 1971 – 2011. With only 21 cases found within peer-review literature. Twelve events were further documented as a case reports. Five events were examined as review articles while four events underwent commissioned inquiries. Analysis of cases were categorised in to crowd control, event access, fire safety, medical preparedness and emergency response. Conclusions Mass gathering events have an enormous potential to place a severe strain on the local health care system, and a mixture of high crowd density, restricted points of access, poor fire safety, minimum crowd control and lack of on-site medical care can lead to problems that end in disaster. Public Library of Science 2012-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3271949/ /pubmed/22453897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1301 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Disasters
Soomaroo, Lee
Murray, Virginia
Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History
title Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History
title_full Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History
title_fullStr Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History
title_full_unstemmed Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History
title_short Disasters at Mass Gatherings: Lessons from History
title_sort disasters at mass gatherings: lessons from history
topic Disasters
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271949/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453897
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/currents.RRN1301
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