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Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10
The 2009 influenza pandemic provided an opportunity to observe dynamic changes of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of pH1N1 strains that spread in two metropolitan areas -Taipei and Kaohsiung. We observed cumulative increases of amino acid substitutions of both HA and NA that were highe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273476/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22328930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031162 |
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author | Kao, Chuan-Liang Chan, Ta-Chien Tsai, Chu-Han Chu, Kuan-Ying Chuang, Shu-Fang Lee, Chang-Chun Li, Zheng-Rong Tiger Wu, Ko-Wen Chang, Luan-Yin Shen, Yea-Huei Huang, Li-Min Lee, Ping-Ing Yang, ChingLai Compans, Richard Rouse, Barry T. King, Chwan-Chuen |
author_facet | Kao, Chuan-Liang Chan, Ta-Chien Tsai, Chu-Han Chu, Kuan-Ying Chuang, Shu-Fang Lee, Chang-Chun Li, Zheng-Rong Tiger Wu, Ko-Wen Chang, Luan-Yin Shen, Yea-Huei Huang, Li-Min Lee, Ping-Ing Yang, ChingLai Compans, Richard Rouse, Barry T. King, Chwan-Chuen |
author_sort | Kao, Chuan-Liang |
collection | PubMed |
description | The 2009 influenza pandemic provided an opportunity to observe dynamic changes of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of pH1N1 strains that spread in two metropolitan areas -Taipei and Kaohsiung. We observed cumulative increases of amino acid substitutions of both HA and NA that were higher in the post–peak than in the pre-peak period of the epidemic. About 14.94% and 3.44% of 174 isolates had one and two amino acids changes, respective, in the four antigenic sites. One unique adaptive mutation of HA2 (E374K) was first detected three weeks before the epidemic peak. This mutation evolved through the epidemic, and finally emerged as the major circulated strain, with significantly higher frequency in the post-peak period than in the pre-peak (64.65% vs 9.28%, p<0.0001). E374K persisted until ten months post-nationwide vaccination without further antigenic changes (e.g. prior to the highest selective pressure). In public health measures, the epidemic peaked at seven weeks after oseltamivir treatment was initiated. The emerging E374K mutants spread before the first peak of school class suspension, extended their survival in high-density population areas before vaccination, dominated in the second wave of class suspension, and were fixed as herd immunity developed. The tempo-spatial spreading of E374K mutants was more concentrated during the post–peak (p = 0.000004) in seven districts with higher spatial clusters (p<0.001). This is the first study examining viral changes during the naïve phase of a pandemic of influenza through integrated virological/serological/clinical surveillance, tempo-spatial analysis, and intervention policies. The vaccination increased the percentage of E374K mutants (22.86% vs 72.34%, p<0.001) and significantly elevated the frequency of mutations in Sa antigenic site (2.36% vs 23.40%, p<0.001). Future pre-vaccination public health efforts should monitor amino acids of HA and NA of pandemic influenza viruses isolated at exponential and peak phases in areas with high cluster cases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3273476 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32734762012-02-10 Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 Kao, Chuan-Liang Chan, Ta-Chien Tsai, Chu-Han Chu, Kuan-Ying Chuang, Shu-Fang Lee, Chang-Chun Li, Zheng-Rong Tiger Wu, Ko-Wen Chang, Luan-Yin Shen, Yea-Huei Huang, Li-Min Lee, Ping-Ing Yang, ChingLai Compans, Richard Rouse, Barry T. King, Chwan-Chuen PLoS One Research Article The 2009 influenza pandemic provided an opportunity to observe dynamic changes of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of pH1N1 strains that spread in two metropolitan areas -Taipei and Kaohsiung. We observed cumulative increases of amino acid substitutions of both HA and NA that were higher in the post–peak than in the pre-peak period of the epidemic. About 14.94% and 3.44% of 174 isolates had one and two amino acids changes, respective, in the four antigenic sites. One unique adaptive mutation of HA2 (E374K) was first detected three weeks before the epidemic peak. This mutation evolved through the epidemic, and finally emerged as the major circulated strain, with significantly higher frequency in the post-peak period than in the pre-peak (64.65% vs 9.28%, p<0.0001). E374K persisted until ten months post-nationwide vaccination without further antigenic changes (e.g. prior to the highest selective pressure). In public health measures, the epidemic peaked at seven weeks after oseltamivir treatment was initiated. The emerging E374K mutants spread before the first peak of school class suspension, extended their survival in high-density population areas before vaccination, dominated in the second wave of class suspension, and were fixed as herd immunity developed. The tempo-spatial spreading of E374K mutants was more concentrated during the post–peak (p = 0.000004) in seven districts with higher spatial clusters (p<0.001). This is the first study examining viral changes during the naïve phase of a pandemic of influenza through integrated virological/serological/clinical surveillance, tempo-spatial analysis, and intervention policies. The vaccination increased the percentage of E374K mutants (22.86% vs 72.34%, p<0.001) and significantly elevated the frequency of mutations in Sa antigenic site (2.36% vs 23.40%, p<0.001). Future pre-vaccination public health efforts should monitor amino acids of HA and NA of pandemic influenza viruses isolated at exponential and peak phases in areas with high cluster cases. Public Library of Science 2012-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3273476/ /pubmed/22328930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031162 Text en Kao et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kao, Chuan-Liang Chan, Ta-Chien Tsai, Chu-Han Chu, Kuan-Ying Chuang, Shu-Fang Lee, Chang-Chun Li, Zheng-Rong Tiger Wu, Ko-Wen Chang, Luan-Yin Shen, Yea-Huei Huang, Li-Min Lee, Ping-Ing Yang, ChingLai Compans, Richard Rouse, Barry T. King, Chwan-Chuen Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 |
title | Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 |
title_full | Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 |
title_fullStr | Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 |
title_full_unstemmed | Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 |
title_short | Emerged HA and NA Mutants of the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses with Increasing Epidemiological Significance in Taipei and Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2009–10 |
title_sort | emerged ha and na mutants of the pandemic influenza h1n1 viruses with increasing epidemiological significance in taipei and kaohsiung, taiwan, 2009–10 |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273476/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22328930 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031162 |
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