The Use of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in the Perioperative Period in Diabetic Vitrectomy

Pars plana vitrectomy is an established surgical method for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its complications. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents suppress vascular proliferation and may be used as pharmacological adjuvants to reduce the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in the vitreous cavity and to facilitate the surgical approach. We conducted an electronic search to identify prospective randomized controlled trials looking at the use of —perioperative vascular endothelial growth factor suppression in diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy. We found six prospective randomized trials with only one being double-masked. We present a summary of the findings. Four studies suggest that the use of perioperative, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents facilitate vitrectomy surgery, but only one study supports their use to reduce the chances of early postoperative vitreous bleeding. Two studies did not find a significant benefit for their use before surgery to reduce the recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. More randomized double blinded studies with a larger number of patients are needed to establish a clear recommendation regarding the use of these agents. Those studies should factor in the use of endo-tamponade with gas or silicone oil following vitrectomy.