Exercise Effects on Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Iranian Women

PURPOSE: Physical inactivity is more prevalent among women than men, varies by ethnic group, and becomes increasingly prevalent with age. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a 12-week exercise program on the cardiovascular disease risk and fitness of Iranian middle aged women. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial study. Participants in the training group (n=20) performed treadmill running exercise at a high intensity (70-80% of maximum heart rate, 0% grade) for 30 min/day, 3 days/week. On the other hand, participants in the control group (n=20) were asked to maintain their habitual lifestyle and not change their activity or dietary habits. Measurements of body mass index, waist/hip ratio, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and lipoprotein subtractions were taken before program and after 12 weeks. Changes in 10-year risk scores for coronary heart disease were calculated using Framingham risk equation. RESULTS: Significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduction in 10-year risk of coronary heart disease, and reduction in lipid levels were found within the training group between baseline and 12-week measurements. No changes were found in these parameters within the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides evidence for the positive effects of exercise training on the reduction of cardiovascular disease risks among women aged 40-55 years.