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Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine
Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonizati...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2006
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1204.051101 |
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author | Flannery, Brendan Gelling, Lisa B. Vugia, Duc J. Weintraub, June M. Salerno, James J. Conroy, Michael J. Stevens, Valerie A. Rose, Charles E. Moore, Matthew R. Fields, Barry S. Besser, Richard E. |
author_facet | Flannery, Brendan Gelling, Lisa B. Vugia, Duc J. Weintraub, June M. Salerno, James J. Conroy, Michael J. Stevens, Valerie A. Rose, Charles E. Moore, Matthew R. Fields, Barry S. Besser, Richard E. |
author_sort | Flannery, Brendan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems. Water and biofilm samples from 53 buildings were collected for Legionella culture during 6 intervals. Prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing Legionella colonization before and after monochloramine disinfection were adjusted for water system characteristics. Legionella colonized 60% of the hot water systems before monochloramine versus 4% after conversion (PR 0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.16). The median number of colonized sites per building decreased with monochloramine disinfection. Increased prevalence of Legionella colonization was associated with water heater temperatures <50°C, buildings taller than 10 stories, and interruptions in water service. Increasing use of monochloramine in water supplies throughout the United States may reduce Legionella transmission and incidence of Legionnaires' disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3294698 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2006 |
publisher | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32946982012-03-06 Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine Flannery, Brendan Gelling, Lisa B. Vugia, Duc J. Weintraub, June M. Salerno, James J. Conroy, Michael J. Stevens, Valerie A. Rose, Charles E. Moore, Matthew R. Fields, Barry S. Besser, Richard E. Emerg Infect Dis Research Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems. Water and biofilm samples from 53 buildings were collected for Legionella culture during 6 intervals. Prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing Legionella colonization before and after monochloramine disinfection were adjusted for water system characteristics. Legionella colonized 60% of the hot water systems before monochloramine versus 4% after conversion (PR 0.07, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.16). The median number of colonized sites per building decreased with monochloramine disinfection. Increased prevalence of Legionella colonization was associated with water heater temperatures <50°C, buildings taller than 10 stories, and interruptions in water service. Increasing use of monochloramine in water supplies throughout the United States may reduce Legionella transmission and incidence of Legionnaires' disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2006-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3294698/ /pubmed/16704806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1204.051101 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Flannery, Brendan Gelling, Lisa B. Vugia, Duc J. Weintraub, June M. Salerno, James J. Conroy, Michael J. Stevens, Valerie A. Rose, Charles E. Moore, Matthew R. Fields, Barry S. Besser, Richard E. Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine |
title | Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine |
title_full | Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine |
title_fullStr | Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine |
title_full_unstemmed | Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine |
title_short | Reducing Legionella Colonization of Water Systems with Monochloramine |
title_sort | reducing legionella colonization of water systems with monochloramine |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3294698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16704806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1204.051101 |
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