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Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development

Both sorbitol and sucrose are imported into apple fruit from leaves. The metabolism of sorbitol and sucrose fuels fruit growth and development, and accumulation of sugars in fruit is central to the edible quality of apple. However, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sugar metabolism and...

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Autores principales: Li, Mingjun, Feng, Fengjuan, Cheng, Lailiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412983
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033055
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author Li, Mingjun
Feng, Fengjuan
Cheng, Lailiang
author_facet Li, Mingjun
Feng, Fengjuan
Cheng, Lailiang
author_sort Li, Mingjun
collection PubMed
description Both sorbitol and sucrose are imported into apple fruit from leaves. The metabolism of sorbitol and sucrose fuels fruit growth and development, and accumulation of sugars in fruit is central to the edible quality of apple. However, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple remains quite limited. We identified members of various gene families encoding key enzymes or transporters involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit using homology searches and comparison of their expression patterns in different tissues, and analyzed the relationship of their transcripts with enzyme activities and sugar accumulation during fruit development. At the early stage of fruit development, the transcript levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase, cell wall invertase, neutral invertase, sucrose synthase, fructokinase and hexokinase are high, and the resulting high enzyme activities are responsible for the rapid utilization of the imported sorbitol and sucrose for fruit growth, with low levels of sugar accumulation. As the fruit continues to grow due to cell expansion, the transcript levels and activities of these enzymes are down-regulated, with concomitant accumulation of fructose and elevated transcript levels of tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMTs), MdTMT1 and MdTMT2; the excess carbon is converted into starch. At the late stage of fruit development, sucrose accumulation is enhanced, consistent with the elevated expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), MdSPS5 and MdSPS6, and an increase in its total activity. Our data indicate that sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit is developmentally regulated. This represents a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple, which will serve as a platform for further studies on the functions of these genes and subsequent manipulation of sugar metabolism and fruit quality traits related to carbohydrates.
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spelling pubmed-32967722012-03-12 Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development Li, Mingjun Feng, Fengjuan Cheng, Lailiang PLoS One Research Article Both sorbitol and sucrose are imported into apple fruit from leaves. The metabolism of sorbitol and sucrose fuels fruit growth and development, and accumulation of sugars in fruit is central to the edible quality of apple. However, our understanding of the mechanisms controlling sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple remains quite limited. We identified members of various gene families encoding key enzymes or transporters involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit using homology searches and comparison of their expression patterns in different tissues, and analyzed the relationship of their transcripts with enzyme activities and sugar accumulation during fruit development. At the early stage of fruit development, the transcript levels of sorbitol dehydrogenase, cell wall invertase, neutral invertase, sucrose synthase, fructokinase and hexokinase are high, and the resulting high enzyme activities are responsible for the rapid utilization of the imported sorbitol and sucrose for fruit growth, with low levels of sugar accumulation. As the fruit continues to grow due to cell expansion, the transcript levels and activities of these enzymes are down-regulated, with concomitant accumulation of fructose and elevated transcript levels of tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMTs), MdTMT1 and MdTMT2; the excess carbon is converted into starch. At the late stage of fruit development, sucrose accumulation is enhanced, consistent with the elevated expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), MdSPS5 and MdSPS6, and an increase in its total activity. Our data indicate that sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple fruit is developmentally regulated. This represents a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in apple, which will serve as a platform for further studies on the functions of these genes and subsequent manipulation of sugar metabolism and fruit quality traits related to carbohydrates. Public Library of Science 2012-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3296772/ /pubmed/22412983 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033055 Text en Li et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Li, Mingjun
Feng, Fengjuan
Cheng, Lailiang
Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development
title Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development
title_full Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development
title_fullStr Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development
title_full_unstemmed Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development
title_short Expression Patterns of Genes Involved in Sugar Metabolism and Accumulation during Apple Fruit Development
title_sort expression patterns of genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation during apple fruit development
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412983
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033055
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