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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitiv...

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Autores principales: Nieto, Francisco Rafael, Cobos, Enrique José, Tejada, Miguel Ángel, Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina, González-Cano, Rafael, Cendán, Cruz Miguel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412801
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10020281
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author Nieto, Francisco Rafael
Cobos, Enrique José
Tejada, Miguel Ángel
Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina
González-Cano, Rafael
Cendán, Cruz Miguel
author_facet Nieto, Francisco Rafael
Cobos, Enrique José
Tejada, Miguel Ángel
Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina
González-Cano, Rafael
Cendán, Cruz Miguel
author_sort Nieto, Francisco Rafael
collection PubMed
description Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed.
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spelling pubmed-32969972012-03-12 Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain Nieto, Francisco Rafael Cobos, Enrique José Tejada, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina González-Cano, Rafael Cendán, Cruz Miguel Mar Drugs Review Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed. MDPI 2012-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3296997/ /pubmed/22412801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10020281 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nieto, Francisco Rafael
Cobos, Enrique José
Tejada, Miguel Ángel
Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina
González-Cano, Rafael
Cendán, Cruz Miguel
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
title Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
title_full Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
title_fullStr Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
title_full_unstemmed Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
title_short Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
title_sort tetrodotoxin (ttx) as a therapeutic agent for pain
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296997/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412801
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10020281
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