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Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitiv...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296997/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10020281 |
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author | Nieto, Francisco Rafael Cobos, Enrique José Tejada, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina González-Cano, Rafael Cendán, Cruz Miguel |
author_facet | Nieto, Francisco Rafael Cobos, Enrique José Tejada, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina González-Cano, Rafael Cendán, Cruz Miguel |
author_sort | Nieto, Francisco Rafael |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3296997 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-32969972012-03-12 Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain Nieto, Francisco Rafael Cobos, Enrique José Tejada, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina González-Cano, Rafael Cendán, Cruz Miguel Mar Drugs Review Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). VGSCs play a critical role in neuronal function under both physiological and pathological conditions. TTX has been extensively used to functionally characterize VGSCs, which can be classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels according to their sensitivity to this toxin. Alterations in the expression and/or function of some specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs have been implicated in a number of chronic pain conditions. The administration of TTX at doses below those that interfere with the generation and conduction of action potentials in normal (non-injured) nerves has been used in humans and experimental animals under different pain conditions. These data indicate a role for TTX as a potential therapeutic agent for pain. This review focuses on the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a potential analgesic role for TTX. In addition, the contribution of specific TTX-sensitive VGSCs to pain is reviewed. MDPI 2012-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3296997/ /pubmed/22412801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10020281 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Nieto, Francisco Rafael Cobos, Enrique José Tejada, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina González-Cano, Rafael Cendán, Cruz Miguel Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
title | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
title_full | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
title_fullStr | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
title_full_unstemmed | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
title_short | Tetrodotoxin (TTX) as a Therapeutic Agent for Pain |
title_sort | tetrodotoxin (ttx) as a therapeutic agent for pain |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3296997/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22412801 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md10020281 |
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