Hyalohyphomycosis of maxillary antrum

Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses is an increasingly recognized entity, both in normal and immunocompromised individuals. The recent increase in mycotic nasal and paranasal infections is due to both improved diagnostic research and an increase in the conditions that favor fungal infection. Although fungal infections of the paranasal sinus are uncommon, 3–5% of incidence is reported. Aspergillus, Candida, and Mucor species are the most common causative agents of fungal sinusitis, but infection with lesser known species have been reported across the world infrequently. This article reviews and presents a case report of chronic fungal sinusitis in an immunocompetent adult male infected with two species of Hyalohyphomycosis group namely, Paecilomyces and Scopulariopsis which are opportunistic soil saprophytes, uncommon to humans.