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Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection

The central nervous system (CNS) represents an important target for HIV infection during multiple stages of the disease: early, after invasion of the host, acting as a viral reservoir; lately, subverting its function and causing peripheral neuropathies and neurocognitive disorders; and lastly, durin...

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Autores principales: Ganau, Mario, Prisco, Lara, Pescador, Daniele, Ganau, Laura
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470365
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00043
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author Ganau, Mario
Prisco, Lara
Pescador, Daniele
Ganau, Laura
author_facet Ganau, Mario
Prisco, Lara
Pescador, Daniele
Ganau, Laura
author_sort Ganau, Mario
collection PubMed
description The central nervous system (CNS) represents an important target for HIV infection during multiple stages of the disease: early, after invasion of the host, acting as a viral reservoir; lately, subverting its function and causing peripheral neuropathies and neurocognitive disorders; and lastly, during the final stage of NeuroAIDS, triggering opportunistic infections, cancers, and dementia. Highly active antiretroviral therapy, a combination of drugs that inhibits enzymes essential for HIV replication, can reduce the viremia and the onset of opportunistic infections in most patients, and prolong the survival. Among the limits of the current treatments the most noticeable is the inability to eradicate HIV-infected cells, both, limiting the time frame in which antiretroviral therapies initiated after exposure to HIV can prevent infection, and allowing replication-competent virus that persists in infected cells to emerge rapidly after the cessation of treatments. Many strategies are currently under evaluation to improve HIV treatment, unfortunately more than 98% of drug candidates for CNS disorders never make it to the clinic; here in we report how nanoformulated strategies might be adapted and applied to the field of CNS–HIV infection.
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spelling pubmed-33110572012-04-02 Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection Ganau, Mario Prisco, Lara Pescador, Daniele Ganau, Laura Front Neurol Neurology The central nervous system (CNS) represents an important target for HIV infection during multiple stages of the disease: early, after invasion of the host, acting as a viral reservoir; lately, subverting its function and causing peripheral neuropathies and neurocognitive disorders; and lastly, during the final stage of NeuroAIDS, triggering opportunistic infections, cancers, and dementia. Highly active antiretroviral therapy, a combination of drugs that inhibits enzymes essential for HIV replication, can reduce the viremia and the onset of opportunistic infections in most patients, and prolong the survival. Among the limits of the current treatments the most noticeable is the inability to eradicate HIV-infected cells, both, limiting the time frame in which antiretroviral therapies initiated after exposure to HIV can prevent infection, and allowing replication-competent virus that persists in infected cells to emerge rapidly after the cessation of treatments. Many strategies are currently under evaluation to improve HIV treatment, unfortunately more than 98% of drug candidates for CNS disorders never make it to the clinic; here in we report how nanoformulated strategies might be adapted and applied to the field of CNS–HIV infection. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3311057/ /pubmed/22470365 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00043 Text en Copyright © 2012 Ganau, Prisco, Pescador and Ganau. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neurology
Ganau, Mario
Prisco, Lara
Pescador, Daniele
Ganau, Laura
Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection
title Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection
title_full Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection
title_fullStr Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection
title_full_unstemmed Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection
title_short Challenging New Targets for CNS–HIV Infection
title_sort challenging new targets for cns–hiv infection
topic Neurology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470365
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2012.00043
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