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Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events

Afghanistan has held a strategic position throughout history. It has been inhabited since the Paleolithic and later became a crossroad for expanding civilizations and empires. Afghanistan's location, history, and diverse ethnic groups present a unique opportunity to explore how nations and ethn...

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Autores principales: Haber, Marc, Platt, Daniel E., Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar, Youhanna, Sonia C., Soria-Hernanz, David F., Martínez-Cruz, Begoña, Douaihy, Bouchra, Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella, Rafatpanah, Hoshang, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Whale, John, Balanovsky, Oleg, Wells, R. Spencer, Comas, David, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Zalloua, Pierre A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470552
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034288
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author Haber, Marc
Platt, Daniel E.
Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar
Youhanna, Sonia C.
Soria-Hernanz, David F.
Martínez-Cruz, Begoña
Douaihy, Bouchra
Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella
Rafatpanah, Hoshang
Ghanbari, Mohsen
Whale, John
Balanovsky, Oleg
Wells, R. Spencer
Comas, David
Tyler-Smith, Chris
Zalloua, Pierre A.
author_facet Haber, Marc
Platt, Daniel E.
Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar
Youhanna, Sonia C.
Soria-Hernanz, David F.
Martínez-Cruz, Begoña
Douaihy, Bouchra
Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella
Rafatpanah, Hoshang
Ghanbari, Mohsen
Whale, John
Balanovsky, Oleg
Wells, R. Spencer
Comas, David
Tyler-Smith, Chris
Zalloua, Pierre A.
author_sort Haber, Marc
collection PubMed
description Afghanistan has held a strategic position throughout history. It has been inhabited since the Paleolithic and later became a crossroad for expanding civilizations and empires. Afghanistan's location, history, and diverse ethnic groups present a unique opportunity to explore how nations and ethnic groups emerged, and how major cultural evolutions and technological developments in human history have influenced modern population structures. In this study we have analyzed, for the first time, the four major ethnic groups in present-day Afghanistan: Hazara, Pashtun, Tajik, and Uzbek, using 52 binary markers and 19 short tandem repeats on the non-recombinant segment of the Y-chromosome. A total of 204 Afghan samples were investigated along with more than 8,500 samples from surrounding populations important to Afghanistan's history through migrations and conquests, including Iranians, Greeks, Indians, Middle Easterners, East Europeans, and East Asians. Our results suggest that all current Afghans largely share a heritage derived from a common unstructured ancestral population that could have emerged during the Neolithic revolution and the formation of the first farming communities. Our results also indicate that inter-Afghan differentiation started during the Bronze Age, probably driven by the formation of the first civilizations in the region. Later migrations and invasions into the region have been assimilated differentially among the ethnic groups, increasing inter-population genetic differences, and giving the Afghans a unique genetic diversity in Central Asia.
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spelling pubmed-33145012012-04-02 Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events Haber, Marc Platt, Daniel E. Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar Youhanna, Sonia C. Soria-Hernanz, David F. Martínez-Cruz, Begoña Douaihy, Bouchra Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella Rafatpanah, Hoshang Ghanbari, Mohsen Whale, John Balanovsky, Oleg Wells, R. Spencer Comas, David Tyler-Smith, Chris Zalloua, Pierre A. PLoS One Research Article Afghanistan has held a strategic position throughout history. It has been inhabited since the Paleolithic and later became a crossroad for expanding civilizations and empires. Afghanistan's location, history, and diverse ethnic groups present a unique opportunity to explore how nations and ethnic groups emerged, and how major cultural evolutions and technological developments in human history have influenced modern population structures. In this study we have analyzed, for the first time, the four major ethnic groups in present-day Afghanistan: Hazara, Pashtun, Tajik, and Uzbek, using 52 binary markers and 19 short tandem repeats on the non-recombinant segment of the Y-chromosome. A total of 204 Afghan samples were investigated along with more than 8,500 samples from surrounding populations important to Afghanistan's history through migrations and conquests, including Iranians, Greeks, Indians, Middle Easterners, East Europeans, and East Asians. Our results suggest that all current Afghans largely share a heritage derived from a common unstructured ancestral population that could have emerged during the Neolithic revolution and the formation of the first farming communities. Our results also indicate that inter-Afghan differentiation started during the Bronze Age, probably driven by the formation of the first civilizations in the region. Later migrations and invasions into the region have been assimilated differentially among the ethnic groups, increasing inter-population genetic differences, and giving the Afghans a unique genetic diversity in Central Asia. Public Library of Science 2012-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC3314501/ /pubmed/22470552 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034288 Text en Haber et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Haber, Marc
Platt, Daniel E.
Ashrafian Bonab, Maziar
Youhanna, Sonia C.
Soria-Hernanz, David F.
Martínez-Cruz, Begoña
Douaihy, Bouchra
Ghassibe-Sabbagh, Michella
Rafatpanah, Hoshang
Ghanbari, Mohsen
Whale, John
Balanovsky, Oleg
Wells, R. Spencer
Comas, David
Tyler-Smith, Chris
Zalloua, Pierre A.
Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events
title Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events
title_full Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events
title_fullStr Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events
title_full_unstemmed Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events
title_short Afghanistan's Ethnic Groups Share a Y-Chromosomal Heritage Structured by Historical Events
title_sort afghanistan's ethnic groups share a y-chromosomal heritage structured by historical events
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314501/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470552
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034288
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