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Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors
BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy using bacteria dates back over 150 years. The deeper understanding on how the immune system interferes with the tumor microenvironment has led to the re-emergence of bacteria or their related products in immunotherapeutic concepts. In this review, we discuss recent a...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer-Verlag
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314826/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0892-6 |
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author | Linnebacher, Michael Maletzki, Claudia Klier, Ulrike Klar, Ernst |
author_facet | Linnebacher, Michael Maletzki, Claudia Klier, Ulrike Klar, Ernst |
author_sort | Linnebacher, Michael |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy using bacteria dates back over 150 years. The deeper understanding on how the immune system interferes with the tumor microenvironment has led to the re-emergence of bacteria or their related products in immunotherapeutic concepts. In this review, we discuss recent approaches on experimental bacteriolytic therapy, emphasizing the specific interplay between bacteria, immune cells and tumor cells to break the tumor-induced tolerance. RESULTS: Experimental research during the last decades demonstrated beneficial but also adverse influence of bacteria on tumor growth. There is a strong correlation between chronic infections and tumor incidence. However, acute bacterial infections have favourable effects on tumor growth often contributing to complete remission. Tumor regression is usually attributable to both direct tumor cell killing (via apoptosis and/or necrosis, depending on the applied bacteria) and indirect immune stimulation. This includes (I) elimination of immunosuppressive immune cells (i.e. tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor, and regulatory T cells), (II) suppression of Th2-directed cytokine secretion (TGFα, IL10), (III) providing a pro-inflammatory micro-milieu (tumor infiltrating neutrophils) and (IV) supporting the influx of cytotoxic T cells into tumors. This finally forces the development of an immunological memory and may provide long-term protection against cancer. CONCLUSION: Immunotherapy using bacteria is still a double-edged sword. Experiences from the last years have substantially contributed to when bacteria and defined components thereof might be integrated into immunotherapeutic concepts. Attempts in transferring this approach into the clinics are on their way. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3314826 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | Springer-Verlag |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33148262012-04-05 Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors Linnebacher, Michael Maletzki, Claudia Klier, Ulrike Klar, Ernst Langenbecks Arch Surg Review Article BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy using bacteria dates back over 150 years. The deeper understanding on how the immune system interferes with the tumor microenvironment has led to the re-emergence of bacteria or their related products in immunotherapeutic concepts. In this review, we discuss recent approaches on experimental bacteriolytic therapy, emphasizing the specific interplay between bacteria, immune cells and tumor cells to break the tumor-induced tolerance. RESULTS: Experimental research during the last decades demonstrated beneficial but also adverse influence of bacteria on tumor growth. There is a strong correlation between chronic infections and tumor incidence. However, acute bacterial infections have favourable effects on tumor growth often contributing to complete remission. Tumor regression is usually attributable to both direct tumor cell killing (via apoptosis and/or necrosis, depending on the applied bacteria) and indirect immune stimulation. This includes (I) elimination of immunosuppressive immune cells (i.e. tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor, and regulatory T cells), (II) suppression of Th2-directed cytokine secretion (TGFα, IL10), (III) providing a pro-inflammatory micro-milieu (tumor infiltrating neutrophils) and (IV) supporting the influx of cytotoxic T cells into tumors. This finally forces the development of an immunological memory and may provide long-term protection against cancer. CONCLUSION: Immunotherapy using bacteria is still a double-edged sword. Experiences from the last years have substantially contributed to when bacteria and defined components thereof might be integrated into immunotherapeutic concepts. Attempts in transferring this approach into the clinics are on their way. Springer-Verlag 2011-12-22 2012 /pmc/articles/PMC3314826/ /pubmed/22189906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0892-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Linnebacher, Michael Maletzki, Claudia Klier, Ulrike Klar, Ernst Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
title | Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
title_full | Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
title_fullStr | Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
title_short | Bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
title_sort | bacterial immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3314826/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-011-0892-6 |
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