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Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of natural dietary intake of vitamin K as phylloquinone (K(1)) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and a control diet also containing menadione (K(3)) on levels of K(1) and total MK-4 (menaquinone-4) and menaquinone-4-2,3-epoxide (MK-4O))...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Co-Action Publishing
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22481898 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5380 |
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author | Askim, Merete Haug, Anna Gadeholt, Gaut |
author_facet | Askim, Merete Haug, Anna Gadeholt, Gaut |
author_sort | Askim, Merete |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of natural dietary intake of vitamin K as phylloquinone (K(1)) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and a control diet also containing menadione (K(3)) on levels of K(1) and total MK-4 (menaquinone-4) and menaquinone-4-2,3-epoxide (MK-4O)) in liver and pancreas, and on femur bending resistance in a fast-growing animal model. DESIGN: Chickens were fed four wheat-based diets from day 11 to day 22 after hatching. The diets contained different combinations of fat sources: rapeseed oil, animal rendered fat, soybean oil and hydrogenated soybean oil. Concentration of K(1) in the three experimental diets was 120 ng/g whereas MK-4 levels were 23, 52 and 63 ng/g respectively. The control diet contained 157 ng K(1)/g, 75 ng MK-4/g and 2.250 ng K(3)/g. RESULTS: Growth rates and femur strength confirmed adequate supply of nutrients and vitamin K in the test groups. There were no significant differences in femur bending resistance among the test groups, but these were higher than the control. K(1), MK-4 and MK-4O were found in liver. In pancreas, mainly MK-4O was found with small amounts of MK-4, but none had content of K(1). In the test groups the hepatic levels of MK-4 and MK-4O reflected the dietary intake of MK-4. CONCLUSION: The chickens were in good health with good bone resistance without supplements of K(3) in the feed, but at least a natural content of 23 ng MK-4/g feed. Liver and pancreas appears to use MK-4 in different ways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3319137 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Co-Action Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33191372012-04-05 Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens Askim, Merete Haug, Anna Gadeholt, Gaut Food Nutr Res Vitamin Supplement OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects of natural dietary intake of vitamin K as phylloquinone (K(1)) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) and a control diet also containing menadione (K(3)) on levels of K(1) and total MK-4 (menaquinone-4) and menaquinone-4-2,3-epoxide (MK-4O)) in liver and pancreas, and on femur bending resistance in a fast-growing animal model. DESIGN: Chickens were fed four wheat-based diets from day 11 to day 22 after hatching. The diets contained different combinations of fat sources: rapeseed oil, animal rendered fat, soybean oil and hydrogenated soybean oil. Concentration of K(1) in the three experimental diets was 120 ng/g whereas MK-4 levels were 23, 52 and 63 ng/g respectively. The control diet contained 157 ng K(1)/g, 75 ng MK-4/g and 2.250 ng K(3)/g. RESULTS: Growth rates and femur strength confirmed adequate supply of nutrients and vitamin K in the test groups. There were no significant differences in femur bending resistance among the test groups, but these were higher than the control. K(1), MK-4 and MK-4O were found in liver. In pancreas, mainly MK-4O was found with small amounts of MK-4, but none had content of K(1). In the test groups the hepatic levels of MK-4 and MK-4O reflected the dietary intake of MK-4. CONCLUSION: The chickens were in good health with good bone resistance without supplements of K(3) in the feed, but at least a natural content of 23 ng MK-4/g feed. Liver and pancreas appears to use MK-4 in different ways. Co-Action Publishing 2012-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3319137/ /pubmed/22481898 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5380 Text en © 2012 Merete Askim et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Vitamin Supplement Askim, Merete Haug, Anna Gadeholt, Gaut Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
title | Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
title_full | Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
title_fullStr | Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
title_full_unstemmed | Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
title_short | Dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
title_sort | dietary intake of menaquinone-4 may determine hepatic and pancreatic menaquinone-4 in chickens |
topic | Vitamin Supplement |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22481898 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5380 |
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