Cargando…

Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory

The conditioned fear learning and memory occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). This process is critically dependent on the amygdala and inevitably involves blood pressure (BP) alterations. We hypothesized that BP variations could inst...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hsu, Yuan-Chang, Yu, Lung, Chen, Hsiun-ing, Lee, Hui-Ling, Kuo, Yu-Min, Jen, Chauying J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22496737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032855
_version_ 1782228728602951680
author Hsu, Yuan-Chang
Yu, Lung
Chen, Hsiun-ing
Lee, Hui-Ling
Kuo, Yu-Min
Jen, Chauying J.
author_facet Hsu, Yuan-Chang
Yu, Lung
Chen, Hsiun-ing
Lee, Hui-Ling
Kuo, Yu-Min
Jen, Chauying J.
author_sort Hsu, Yuan-Chang
collection PubMed
description The conditioned fear learning and memory occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). This process is critically dependent on the amygdala and inevitably involves blood pressure (BP) alterations. We hypothesized that BP variations could instantaneously reveal individual steps during conditioned fear learning and memory. An implanted telemetric probe was used to monitor the BP real-time in rats during training and testing sessions of the fear-potentiated startle. Our results showed that (i) the conditioned fear learning during the training sessions was reflected by light (CS)-induced rapid BP elevations and by electric shock (US)-evoked sympathetic tone elevations; (ii) these two BP-related parameters were not only negatively correlated with each other but also coupled to each other in the training session trials; (iii) both parameters closely predicted the performance of fear-potentiated startle on the next day; and (iv) although local blocking of one of the two fear-conditioned pathways in the training session partially inhibited fear learning, the fear memory retrieval still used both pathways. Altogether, real-time blood pressure variations faithfully revealed the critical steps involved in conditioned fear learning and memory, and our results supported a coupling between the cued learning and the post-shock calmness.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3319555
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2012
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-33195552012-04-11 Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory Hsu, Yuan-Chang Yu, Lung Chen, Hsiun-ing Lee, Hui-Ling Kuo, Yu-Min Jen, Chauying J. PLoS One Research Article The conditioned fear learning and memory occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US). This process is critically dependent on the amygdala and inevitably involves blood pressure (BP) alterations. We hypothesized that BP variations could instantaneously reveal individual steps during conditioned fear learning and memory. An implanted telemetric probe was used to monitor the BP real-time in rats during training and testing sessions of the fear-potentiated startle. Our results showed that (i) the conditioned fear learning during the training sessions was reflected by light (CS)-induced rapid BP elevations and by electric shock (US)-evoked sympathetic tone elevations; (ii) these two BP-related parameters were not only negatively correlated with each other but also coupled to each other in the training session trials; (iii) both parameters closely predicted the performance of fear-potentiated startle on the next day; and (iv) although local blocking of one of the two fear-conditioned pathways in the training session partially inhibited fear learning, the fear memory retrieval still used both pathways. Altogether, real-time blood pressure variations faithfully revealed the critical steps involved in conditioned fear learning and memory, and our results supported a coupling between the cued learning and the post-shock calmness. Public Library of Science 2012-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3319555/ /pubmed/22496737 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032855 Text en Hsu et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hsu, Yuan-Chang
Yu, Lung
Chen, Hsiun-ing
Lee, Hui-Ling
Kuo, Yu-Min
Jen, Chauying J.
Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory
title Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory
title_full Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory
title_fullStr Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory
title_full_unstemmed Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory
title_short Blood Pressure Variations Real-Time Reflect the Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory
title_sort blood pressure variations real-time reflect the conditioned fear learning and memory
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3319555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22496737
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032855
work_keys_str_mv AT hsuyuanchang bloodpressurevariationsrealtimereflecttheconditionedfearlearningandmemory
AT yulung bloodpressurevariationsrealtimereflecttheconditionedfearlearningandmemory
AT chenhsiuning bloodpressurevariationsrealtimereflecttheconditionedfearlearningandmemory
AT leehuiling bloodpressurevariationsrealtimereflecttheconditionedfearlearningandmemory
AT kuoyumin bloodpressurevariationsrealtimereflecttheconditionedfearlearningandmemory
AT jenchauyingj bloodpressurevariationsrealtimereflecttheconditionedfearlearningandmemory