Cargando…

Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes

There is an ongoing increase in the availability of foods fortified with micronutrients and dietary supplements. This may result in differing intakes of micronutrients within the population and perhaps larger differences in intakes. Insight into population micronutrient intakes and evaluation of too...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke, McCann, Mary T., Hoekstra, Jeljer, Verhagen, Hans
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Co-Action Publishing 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5728
_version_ 1782228922090389504
author Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke
McCann, Mary T.
Hoekstra, Jeljer
Verhagen, Hans
author_facet Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke
McCann, Mary T.
Hoekstra, Jeljer
Verhagen, Hans
author_sort Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke
collection PubMed
description There is an ongoing increase in the availability of foods fortified with micronutrients and dietary supplements. This may result in differing intakes of micronutrients within the population and perhaps larger differences in intakes. Insight into population micronutrient intakes and evaluation of too low or too high intakes is required to see whether there are potential problems regarding inadequacy or excessive intakes. Too low population intakes are evaluated against an estimated average requirement; potential too high population intakes are evaluated against a tolerable upper intake level (UL). Additional health effects, seriousness, and incidence of these health effects are not considered but these can be taken into account in a benefit-risk assessment. Furthermore, authorities would like to regulate food fortification and supplementation in such a way that most of the population is not at risk of potentially high intakes. Several models are available for estimating maximum levels of micronutrients for food fortification and dietary supplements. Policy makers and risk managers need to decide how to divide the ‘free space’ between food fortification and/or dietary supplements, while protecting populations from adverse health effects.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3321245
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2012
publisher Co-Action Publishing
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-33212452012-04-09 Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke McCann, Mary T. Hoekstra, Jeljer Verhagen, Hans Food Nutr Res Vitamin Supplement There is an ongoing increase in the availability of foods fortified with micronutrients and dietary supplements. This may result in differing intakes of micronutrients within the population and perhaps larger differences in intakes. Insight into population micronutrient intakes and evaluation of too low or too high intakes is required to see whether there are potential problems regarding inadequacy or excessive intakes. Too low population intakes are evaluated against an estimated average requirement; potential too high population intakes are evaluated against a tolerable upper intake level (UL). Additional health effects, seriousness, and incidence of these health effects are not considered but these can be taken into account in a benefit-risk assessment. Furthermore, authorities would like to regulate food fortification and supplementation in such a way that most of the population is not at risk of potentially high intakes. Several models are available for estimating maximum levels of micronutrients for food fortification and dietary supplements. Policy makers and risk managers need to decide how to divide the ‘free space’ between food fortification and/or dietary supplements, while protecting populations from adverse health effects. Co-Action Publishing 2012-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3321245/ /pubmed/22489212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5728 Text en © 2012 Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Vitamin Supplement
Verkaik-Kloosterman, Janneke
McCann, Mary T.
Hoekstra, Jeljer
Verhagen, Hans
Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
title Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
title_full Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
title_fullStr Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
title_full_unstemmed Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
title_short Vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
title_sort vitamins and minerals: issues associated with too low and too high population intakes
topic Vitamin Supplement
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321245/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5728
work_keys_str_mv AT verkaikkloostermanjanneke vitaminsandmineralsissuesassociatedwithtoolowandtoohighpopulationintakes
AT mccannmaryt vitaminsandmineralsissuesassociatedwithtoolowandtoohighpopulationintakes
AT hoekstrajeljer vitaminsandmineralsissuesassociatedwithtoolowandtoohighpopulationintakes
AT verhagenhans vitaminsandmineralsissuesassociatedwithtoolowandtoohighpopulationintakes