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Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview
Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins belonging to the Gla-protein family. To the members of this family belong four blood coagulation factors, which all are exclusively formed in the liver. The importance of vitamin K for hemostasis is demonstrated from the fact that vitamin K-defici...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Co-Action Publishing
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329 |
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author | Vermeer, Cees |
author_facet | Vermeer, Cees |
author_sort | Vermeer, Cees |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins belonging to the Gla-protein family. To the members of this family belong four blood coagulation factors, which all are exclusively formed in the liver. The importance of vitamin K for hemostasis is demonstrated from the fact that vitamin K-deficiency is an acute, life-threatening condition due to excessive bleeding. Other members of the Gla-protein family are osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein (MGP), and Gas6 that play key functions in maintaining bone strength, arterial calcification inhibition, and cell growth regulation, respectively. In total 17 Gla-proteins have been discovered at this time. Recently, it was observed that the dietary vitamin K requirement for the synthesis of the coagulation factors is much lower than for that of the extra-hepatic Gla-proteins. This forms the basis of the triage theory stating that during poor dietary supply, vitamins are preferentially utilized for functions that are important for immediate survival. This explains why in the healthy population all clotting factors are synthesized in their active form, whereas the synthesis of other Gla-proteins is sub-optimal in non-supplemented subjects. Prolonged sub-clinical vitamin K deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Present recommendations for dietary intake are based on the daily dose required to prevent bleeding. Accumulating scientific data suggests that new, higher recommendations for vitamin K intake should be formulated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3321262 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Co-Action Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33212622012-04-09 Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview Vermeer, Cees Food Nutr Res Vitamin Supplement Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins belonging to the Gla-protein family. To the members of this family belong four blood coagulation factors, which all are exclusively formed in the liver. The importance of vitamin K for hemostasis is demonstrated from the fact that vitamin K-deficiency is an acute, life-threatening condition due to excessive bleeding. Other members of the Gla-protein family are osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein (MGP), and Gas6 that play key functions in maintaining bone strength, arterial calcification inhibition, and cell growth regulation, respectively. In total 17 Gla-proteins have been discovered at this time. Recently, it was observed that the dietary vitamin K requirement for the synthesis of the coagulation factors is much lower than for that of the extra-hepatic Gla-proteins. This forms the basis of the triage theory stating that during poor dietary supply, vitamins are preferentially utilized for functions that are important for immediate survival. This explains why in the healthy population all clotting factors are synthesized in their active form, whereas the synthesis of other Gla-proteins is sub-optimal in non-supplemented subjects. Prolonged sub-clinical vitamin K deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Present recommendations for dietary intake are based on the daily dose required to prevent bleeding. Accumulating scientific data suggests that new, higher recommendations for vitamin K intake should be formulated. Co-Action Publishing 2012-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3321262/ /pubmed/22489224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329 Text en © 2012 Cees Vermeer. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Vitamin Supplement Vermeer, Cees Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
title | Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
title_full | Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
title_fullStr | Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
title_short | Vitamin K: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
title_sort | vitamin k: the effect on health beyond coagulation – an overview |
topic | Vitamin Supplement |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321262/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v56i0.5329 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vermeercees vitaminktheeffectonhealthbeyondcoagulationanoverview |