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Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis

To date, more than 40 different types of cells from primary cultures or cell lines have shown AChE expression during apoptosis and after the induction apoptosis by different stimuli. It has been well-established that increased AChE expression or activity is detected in apoptotic cells after apoptoti...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xue-Jun, Greenberg, David S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322359/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22514517
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00040
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author Zhang, Xue-Jun
Greenberg, David S.
author_facet Zhang, Xue-Jun
Greenberg, David S.
author_sort Zhang, Xue-Jun
collection PubMed
description To date, more than 40 different types of cells from primary cultures or cell lines have shown AChE expression during apoptosis and after the induction apoptosis by different stimuli. It has been well-established that increased AChE expression or activity is detected in apoptotic cells after apoptotic stimuli in vitro and in vivo, and AChE could be therefore used as a marker of apoptosis. AChE is not an apoptosis initiator, but the cells in which AChE is overexpressed undergo apoptosis more easily than controls. Interestingly, cells with downregulated levels of AChE are not sensitive to apoptosis induction and AChE deficiency can protect against apoptosis. Some tumor cells do not express AChE, but when AChE is introduced into a tumor cell, the cells cease to proliferate and undergo apoptosis more readily. Therefore, AChE can be classified as a tumor suppressor gene. AChE plays a pivotal role in apoptosome formation, and silencing of the AChE gene prevents caspase-9 activation, with consequent decreased cell viability, nuclear condensation, and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage. AChE is translocated into the nucleus, which may be an important event during apoptosis. Several questions still need to be addressed, and further studies that address the non-classical function of AChE in apoptosis are needed.
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spelling pubmed-33223592012-04-18 Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis Zhang, Xue-Jun Greenberg, David S. Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience To date, more than 40 different types of cells from primary cultures or cell lines have shown AChE expression during apoptosis and after the induction apoptosis by different stimuli. It has been well-established that increased AChE expression or activity is detected in apoptotic cells after apoptotic stimuli in vitro and in vivo, and AChE could be therefore used as a marker of apoptosis. AChE is not an apoptosis initiator, but the cells in which AChE is overexpressed undergo apoptosis more easily than controls. Interestingly, cells with downregulated levels of AChE are not sensitive to apoptosis induction and AChE deficiency can protect against apoptosis. Some tumor cells do not express AChE, but when AChE is introduced into a tumor cell, the cells cease to proliferate and undergo apoptosis more readily. Therefore, AChE can be classified as a tumor suppressor gene. AChE plays a pivotal role in apoptosome formation, and silencing of the AChE gene prevents caspase-9 activation, with consequent decreased cell viability, nuclear condensation, and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage. AChE is translocated into the nucleus, which may be an important event during apoptosis. Several questions still need to be addressed, and further studies that address the non-classical function of AChE in apoptosis are needed. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-04-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3322359/ /pubmed/22514517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00040 Text en Copyright © 2012 Zhang and Greenberg. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Zhang, Xue-Jun
Greenberg, David S.
Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis
title Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis
title_full Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis
title_fullStr Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis
title_full_unstemmed Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis
title_short Acetylcholinesterase Involvement in Apoptosis
title_sort acetylcholinesterase involvement in apoptosis
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3322359/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22514517
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00040
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