Cargando…

Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health

BACKGROUND: Women and men share similar health challenges yet women report poorer health. The study investigates the social determinants of self-reported health in women and men, and male-female differences in health. METHODS: Data on 103154 men and 125728 women were analysed from 57 countries in th...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza, Stewart Williams, Jennifer, Amin, Avni, Araujo de Carvalho, Islene, Beard, John, Boerma, Ties, Kowal, Paul, Naidoo, Nirmala, Chatterji, Somnath
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326052/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22514667
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034799
_version_ 1782229499198308352
author Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza
Stewart Williams, Jennifer
Amin, Avni
Araujo de Carvalho, Islene
Beard, John
Boerma, Ties
Kowal, Paul
Naidoo, Nirmala
Chatterji, Somnath
author_facet Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza
Stewart Williams, Jennifer
Amin, Avni
Araujo de Carvalho, Islene
Beard, John
Boerma, Ties
Kowal, Paul
Naidoo, Nirmala
Chatterji, Somnath
author_sort Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Women and men share similar health challenges yet women report poorer health. The study investigates the social determinants of self-reported health in women and men, and male-female differences in health. METHODS: Data on 103154 men and 125728 women were analysed from 57 countries in the World Health Survey 2002–2004. Item Response Theory was used to construct a composite measure of health. Associations between health and determinants were assessed using multivariate linear regression. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition partitioned the inequality in health between women and men into an “explained" component that arises because men and women differ in social and economic characteristics, and an “unexplained" component due to the differential effects of these characteristics. Decomposition was repeated for 18 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African region and 19 countries in the WHO European region. RESULTS: Women's health was significantly lower than men's. Health was associated with education, household economic status, employment, and marital status after controlling for age. In the pooled analysis decomposition showed that 30% of the inequality was “explained", of which almost 75% came from employment, education, marital status. The differential effects of being in paid employment increased the inequality. When countries in Africa and Europe were compared, the “explained" component (31% and 39% respectively) was largely attributed to the social determinants in the African countries and to women's longevity in the European countries. Being in paid employment had a greater positive effect on the health of males in both regions. CONCLUSIONS: Ways in which age and the social determinants contribute to the poorer health status of women compared with men varies between groups of countries. This study highlights the need for action to address social structures, institutional discrimination and harmful gender norms and roles that differently influence health with ageing.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-3326052
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2012
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-33260522012-04-18 Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza Stewart Williams, Jennifer Amin, Avni Araujo de Carvalho, Islene Beard, John Boerma, Ties Kowal, Paul Naidoo, Nirmala Chatterji, Somnath PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Women and men share similar health challenges yet women report poorer health. The study investigates the social determinants of self-reported health in women and men, and male-female differences in health. METHODS: Data on 103154 men and 125728 women were analysed from 57 countries in the World Health Survey 2002–2004. Item Response Theory was used to construct a composite measure of health. Associations between health and determinants were assessed using multivariate linear regression. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition partitioned the inequality in health between women and men into an “explained" component that arises because men and women differ in social and economic characteristics, and an “unexplained" component due to the differential effects of these characteristics. Decomposition was repeated for 18 countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African region and 19 countries in the WHO European region. RESULTS: Women's health was significantly lower than men's. Health was associated with education, household economic status, employment, and marital status after controlling for age. In the pooled analysis decomposition showed that 30% of the inequality was “explained", of which almost 75% came from employment, education, marital status. The differential effects of being in paid employment increased the inequality. When countries in Africa and Europe were compared, the “explained" component (31% and 39% respectively) was largely attributed to the social determinants in the African countries and to women's longevity in the European countries. Being in paid employment had a greater positive effect on the health of males in both regions. CONCLUSIONS: Ways in which age and the social determinants contribute to the poorer health status of women compared with men varies between groups of countries. This study highlights the need for action to address social structures, institutional discrimination and harmful gender norms and roles that differently influence health with ageing. Public Library of Science 2012-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC3326052/ /pubmed/22514667 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034799 Text en Hosseinpoor et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza
Stewart Williams, Jennifer
Amin, Avni
Araujo de Carvalho, Islene
Beard, John
Boerma, Ties
Kowal, Paul
Naidoo, Nirmala
Chatterji, Somnath
Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
title Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
title_full Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
title_fullStr Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
title_full_unstemmed Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
title_short Social Determinants of Self-Reported Health in Women and Men: Understanding the Role of Gender in Population Health
title_sort social determinants of self-reported health in women and men: understanding the role of gender in population health
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326052/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22514667
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034799
work_keys_str_mv AT hosseinpoorahmadreza socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT stewartwilliamsjennifer socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT aminavni socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT araujodecarvalhoislene socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT beardjohn socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT boermaties socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT kowalpaul socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT naidoonirmala socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth
AT chatterjisomnath socialdeterminantsofselfreportedhealthinwomenandmenunderstandingtheroleofgenderinpopulationhealth