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The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity
BACKGROUND: Sequencing the genomes of the first few eukaryotes created the impression that gene number shows no correlation with organism complexity, often referred to as the G-value paradox. Several attempts have previously been made to resolve this paradox, citing multifunctionality of proteins, a...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2011
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334615/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22182830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-12-r120 |
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author | Schad, Eva Tompa, Peter Hegyi, Hedi |
author_facet | Schad, Eva Tompa, Peter Hegyi, Hedi |
author_sort | Schad, Eva |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Sequencing the genomes of the first few eukaryotes created the impression that gene number shows no correlation with organism complexity, often referred to as the G-value paradox. Several attempts have previously been made to resolve this paradox, citing multifunctionality of proteins, alternative splicing, microRNAs or non-coding DNA. As intrinsic protein disorder has been linked with complex responses to environmental stimuli and communication between cells, an additional possibility is that structural disorder may effectively increase the complexity of species. RESULTS: We revisited the G-value paradox by analyzing many new proteomes whose complexity measured with their number of distinct cell types is known. We found that complexity and proteome size measured by the total number of amino acids correlate significantly and have a power function relationship. We systematically analyzed numerous other features in relation to complexity in several organisms and tissues and found: the fraction of protein structural disorder increases significantly between prokaryotes and eukaryotes but does not further increase over the course of evolution; the number of predicted binding sites in disordered regions in a proteome increases with complexity; the fraction of protein disorder, predicted binding sites, alternative splicing and protein-protein interactions all increase with the complexity of human tissues. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that complexity is a multi-parametric trait, determined by interaction potential, alternative splicing capacity, tissue-specific protein disorder and, above all, proteome size. The G-value paradox is only apparent when plants are grouped with metazoans, as they have a different relationship between complexity and proteome size. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3334615 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2011 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33346152012-04-25 The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity Schad, Eva Tompa, Peter Hegyi, Hedi Genome Biol Research BACKGROUND: Sequencing the genomes of the first few eukaryotes created the impression that gene number shows no correlation with organism complexity, often referred to as the G-value paradox. Several attempts have previously been made to resolve this paradox, citing multifunctionality of proteins, alternative splicing, microRNAs or non-coding DNA. As intrinsic protein disorder has been linked with complex responses to environmental stimuli and communication between cells, an additional possibility is that structural disorder may effectively increase the complexity of species. RESULTS: We revisited the G-value paradox by analyzing many new proteomes whose complexity measured with their number of distinct cell types is known. We found that complexity and proteome size measured by the total number of amino acids correlate significantly and have a power function relationship. We systematically analyzed numerous other features in relation to complexity in several organisms and tissues and found: the fraction of protein structural disorder increases significantly between prokaryotes and eukaryotes but does not further increase over the course of evolution; the number of predicted binding sites in disordered regions in a proteome increases with complexity; the fraction of protein disorder, predicted binding sites, alternative splicing and protein-protein interactions all increase with the complexity of human tissues. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that complexity is a multi-parametric trait, determined by interaction potential, alternative splicing capacity, tissue-specific protein disorder and, above all, proteome size. The G-value paradox is only apparent when plants are grouped with metazoans, as they have a different relationship between complexity and proteome size. BioMed Central 2011 2011-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3334615/ /pubmed/22182830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-12-r120 Text en Copyright ©2011 Schad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Schad, Eva Tompa, Peter Hegyi, Hedi The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
title | The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
title_full | The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
title_fullStr | The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
title_short | The relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
title_sort | relationship between proteome size, structural disorder and organism complexity |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3334615/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22182830 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-12-r120 |
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