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Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks
Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in Sout...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335014/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536453 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036005 |
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author | Lauinger, Ina L. Bible, Jon M. Halligan, Eugene P. Aarons, Emma J. MacMahon, Eithne Tong, Cheuk Y. W. |
author_facet | Lauinger, Ina L. Bible, Jon M. Halligan, Eugene P. Aarons, Emma J. MacMahon, Eithne Tong, Cheuk Y. W. |
author_sort | Lauinger, Ina L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in South London, UK, one each in the autumn/winters of 2009 and 2010. Sequence comparison showed significant homology of the UK strains with those from other countries including the Netherlands, Japan and the Philippines, which reported EV68 outbreaks between 2008 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of all available VP1 sequences indicated the presence of two modern EV68 lineages. The 2010 UK strains belonged to lineage 2. Lineage 1 could be further divided into two sub-lineages: some Japanese and Dutch strains collected between 2004 and 2010 form a distinct sub-lineages (sub-lineage 1.1), whereas other strains from the UK, Japan, Netherlands and Philippines collected between 2008 and 2010 represent sub-lineage 1.2. The UK 2009 strains together with several Dutch and Japanese strains from 2009/2010 represents one variant (1.2.1), whereas those from the Philippines a second variant (1.2.2). Based on specific deletions and substitutions, we suggest rules for the assignment of lineages and sub-lineages. Molecular epidemiological analysis indicates rapid recent evolution of EV68 and this may explain the recent findings of a global resurgence of EV68. Continuous global monitoring of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of EV68 is recommended. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3335014 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33350142012-04-25 Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks Lauinger, Ina L. Bible, Jon M. Halligan, Eugene P. Aarons, Emma J. MacMahon, Eithne Tong, Cheuk Y. W. PLoS One Research Article Enterovirus 68 (EV68) was first isolated in 1962. Very few cases of EV68 infection were described over the ensuing 40 years. However, in the past few years, an increase in severe respiratory tract infections associated with EV68 has been reported. We identified two clusters of EV68 infection in South London, UK, one each in the autumn/winters of 2009 and 2010. Sequence comparison showed significant homology of the UK strains with those from other countries including the Netherlands, Japan and the Philippines, which reported EV68 outbreaks between 2008 and 2010. Phylogenetic analysis of all available VP1 sequences indicated the presence of two modern EV68 lineages. The 2010 UK strains belonged to lineage 2. Lineage 1 could be further divided into two sub-lineages: some Japanese and Dutch strains collected between 2004 and 2010 form a distinct sub-lineages (sub-lineage 1.1), whereas other strains from the UK, Japan, Netherlands and Philippines collected between 2008 and 2010 represent sub-lineage 1.2. The UK 2009 strains together with several Dutch and Japanese strains from 2009/2010 represents one variant (1.2.1), whereas those from the Philippines a second variant (1.2.2). Based on specific deletions and substitutions, we suggest rules for the assignment of lineages and sub-lineages. Molecular epidemiological analysis indicates rapid recent evolution of EV68 and this may explain the recent findings of a global resurgence of EV68. Continuous global monitoring of the clinical and molecular epidemiology of EV68 is recommended. Public Library of Science 2012-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3335014/ /pubmed/22536453 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036005 Text en Lauinger et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Lauinger, Ina L. Bible, Jon M. Halligan, Eugene P. Aarons, Emma J. MacMahon, Eithne Tong, Cheuk Y. W. Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks |
title | Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks |
title_full | Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks |
title_fullStr | Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks |
title_full_unstemmed | Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks |
title_short | Lineages, Sub-Lineages and Variants of Enterovirus 68 in Recent Outbreaks |
title_sort | lineages, sub-lineages and variants of enterovirus 68 in recent outbreaks |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335014/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22536453 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036005 |
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