Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infections in Australia and New Zealand: A Review of Current Practice

Aim: To survey practices in the diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Australia and New Zealand. Methods: Infectious diseases and respiratory physicians and trainees were invited to complete an online questionnaire concerning various aspects of LTBI management. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 126 clinicians self-reporting regular management of LTBI. Respondents were experienced physicians, with 95/126 (75.4%) having managed LTBI for more than 5 years. Forty-seven (37.3%) reported seeing more than 5 patients per month for assessment of LTBI. Substantial variation among clinicians was reported in relation to a number of common clinical scenarios. For instance, while 52/126 (43.7%) informed patients that the incidence of severe hepatotoxicity related to isoniazid monotherapy was 0.1–0.5%, 21/126 (15.7%) thought it was >5%. 36/126 (28.6%) clinicians would proceed with TNF-αtherapy following an indeterminate screening: interferon-γassay, while 78/126 (61.9%) would perform further investigations and 12/126 (9.5%) would initiate isoniazid therapy. Follow-up intervals during therapy varied from 1–3 monthly, with liver function testing performed routinely by 89/126 (70.6%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a large degree of variation in clinical practice of LTBI management in Australia and New Zealand. Strategies for increasing uniformity of practice are required, including improved guidelines and physician education.