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Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens

BACKGROUND: Differentiated plant cells can retain the capacity to be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells during regeneration. This capacity is associated with both cell cycle reactivation and acquisition of specific cellular characters. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogram...

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Autores principales: Xiao, Lihong, Zhang, Liechi, Yang, Ge, Zhu, Honglin, He, Yikun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22545152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035961
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author Xiao, Lihong
Zhang, Liechi
Yang, Ge
Zhu, Honglin
He, Yikun
author_facet Xiao, Lihong
Zhang, Liechi
Yang, Ge
Zhu, Honglin
He, Yikun
author_sort Xiao, Lihong
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Differentiated plant cells can retain the capacity to be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells during regeneration. This capacity is associated with both cell cycle reactivation and acquisition of specific cellular characters. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of protoplasts into stem cells remain largely unknown. Protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens easily regenerate into protonema and therefore provide an ideal system to explore how differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to produce stem cells. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We obtained genome-wide digital gene expression tag profiles within the first three days of P. patens protoplast reprogramming. At four time-points during protoplast reprogramming, the transcript levels of 4827 genes changed more than four-fold and their expression correlated with the reprogramming phase. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified a set of significantly enriched GO terms and pathways, most of which were associated with photosynthesis, protein synthesis and stress responses. DEGs were grouped into six clusters that showed specific expression patterns using a K-means clustering algorithm. An investigation of function and expression patterns of genes identified a number of key candidate genes and pathways in early stages of protoplast reprogramming, which provided important clues to reveal the molecular mechanisms responsible for protoplast reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS: We identified genes that show highly dynamic changes in expression during protoplast reprogramming into stem cells in P. patens. These genes are potential targets for further functional characterization and should be valuable for exploration of the mechanisms of stem cell reprogramming. In particular, our data provides evidence that protoplasts of P. patens are an ideal model system for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying differentiated plant cell reprogramming.
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spelling pubmed-33358082012-04-27 Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens Xiao, Lihong Zhang, Liechi Yang, Ge Zhu, Honglin He, Yikun PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Differentiated plant cells can retain the capacity to be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells during regeneration. This capacity is associated with both cell cycle reactivation and acquisition of specific cellular characters. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the reprogramming of protoplasts into stem cells remain largely unknown. Protoplasts of the moss Physcomitrella patens easily regenerate into protonema and therefore provide an ideal system to explore how differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to produce stem cells. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We obtained genome-wide digital gene expression tag profiles within the first three days of P. patens protoplast reprogramming. At four time-points during protoplast reprogramming, the transcript levels of 4827 genes changed more than four-fold and their expression correlated with the reprogramming phase. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified a set of significantly enriched GO terms and pathways, most of which were associated with photosynthesis, protein synthesis and stress responses. DEGs were grouped into six clusters that showed specific expression patterns using a K-means clustering algorithm. An investigation of function and expression patterns of genes identified a number of key candidate genes and pathways in early stages of protoplast reprogramming, which provided important clues to reveal the molecular mechanisms responsible for protoplast reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS: We identified genes that show highly dynamic changes in expression during protoplast reprogramming into stem cells in P. patens. These genes are potential targets for further functional characterization and should be valuable for exploration of the mechanisms of stem cell reprogramming. In particular, our data provides evidence that protoplasts of P. patens are an ideal model system for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying differentiated plant cell reprogramming. Public Library of Science 2012-04-24 /pmc/articles/PMC3335808/ /pubmed/22545152 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035961 Text en Xiao et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Xiao, Lihong
Zhang, Liechi
Yang, Ge
Zhu, Honglin
He, Yikun
Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens
title Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens
title_full Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens
title_fullStr Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens
title_short Transcriptome of Protoplasts Reprogrammed into Stem Cells in Physcomitrella patens
title_sort transcriptome of protoplasts reprogrammed into stem cells in physcomitrella patens
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3335808/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22545152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035961
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