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The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis
Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338839/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035418 |
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author | Masini, Maria Angela Albi, Elisabetta Barmo, Cristina Bonfiglio, Tommaso Bruni, Lara Canesi, Laura Cataldi, Samuela Curcio, Francesco D'Amora, Marta Ferri, Ivana Goto, Katsumasa Kawano, Fuminori Lazzarini, Remo Loreti, Elisabetta Nakai, Naoya Ohira, Takashi Ohira, Yoshinobu Palmero, Silvio Prato, Paola Ricci, Franco Scarabelli, Linda Shibaguchi, Tsubasa Spelat, Renza Strollo, Felice Ambesi-Impiombato, Francesco Saverio |
author_facet | Masini, Maria Angela Albi, Elisabetta Barmo, Cristina Bonfiglio, Tommaso Bruni, Lara Canesi, Laura Cataldi, Samuela Curcio, Francesco D'Amora, Marta Ferri, Ivana Goto, Katsumasa Kawano, Fuminori Lazzarini, Remo Loreti, Elisabetta Nakai, Naoya Ohira, Takashi Ohira, Yoshinobu Palmero, Silvio Prato, Paola Ricci, Franco Scarabelli, Linda Shibaguchi, Tsubasa Spelat, Renza Strollo, Felice Ambesi-Impiombato, Francesco Saverio |
author_sort | Masini, Maria Angela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or pleiotrophin transgenic, overexpressing osteoblast stimulating factor-1. Glands were submitted to morphological and functional analysis. In thyroids, volumetric ratios between thyrocytes and colloid were measured. cAMP production in 10(−7)M and 10(−8)M thyrotropin-treated samples was studied. Thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were quantitized by immunoblotting and localized by immunofluorescence. In space-exposed animals, both basal and thyrotropin-stimulated cAMP production were always higher. Also, the structure of thyroid follicles appeared more organized, while thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were overexpressed. Unlike the control samples, in the space samples thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were both observed at the intracellular junctions, suggesting their interaction in specific cell membrane microdomains. In testes, immunofluorescent reaction for 3β- steroid dehydrogenase was performed and the relative expressions of hormone receptors and interleukin-1β were quantified by RT-PCR. Epididymal sperm number was counted. In space-exposed animals, the presence of 3β and 17β steroid dehydrogenase was reduced. Also, the expression of androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors increased while lutenizing hormone receptor levels were not affected. The interleukin 1 β expression was upregulated. The tubular architecture was altered and the sperm cell number was significantly reduced in spaceflight mouse epididymis (approx. −90% vs. laboratory and ground controls), indicating that the space environment may lead to degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules. Space-induced changes of structure and function of thyroid and testis/epididymis could be responsible for variations of hormone levels in human during space missions. More research, hopefully a reflight of MDS, would be needed to establish whether the space environment acts directly on the peripheral glands or induces changes in the hypotalamus-pituitary-glandular axis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3338839 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33388392012-05-03 The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis Masini, Maria Angela Albi, Elisabetta Barmo, Cristina Bonfiglio, Tommaso Bruni, Lara Canesi, Laura Cataldi, Samuela Curcio, Francesco D'Amora, Marta Ferri, Ivana Goto, Katsumasa Kawano, Fuminori Lazzarini, Remo Loreti, Elisabetta Nakai, Naoya Ohira, Takashi Ohira, Yoshinobu Palmero, Silvio Prato, Paola Ricci, Franco Scarabelli, Linda Shibaguchi, Tsubasa Spelat, Renza Strollo, Felice Ambesi-Impiombato, Francesco Saverio PLoS One Research Article Hormonal changes in humans during spaceflight have been demonstrated but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To clarify this point thyroid and testis/epididymis, both regulated by anterior pituitary gland, have been analyzed on long-term space-exposed male C57BL/10 mice, either wild type or pleiotrophin transgenic, overexpressing osteoblast stimulating factor-1. Glands were submitted to morphological and functional analysis. In thyroids, volumetric ratios between thyrocytes and colloid were measured. cAMP production in 10(−7)M and 10(−8)M thyrotropin-treated samples was studied. Thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were quantitized by immunoblotting and localized by immunofluorescence. In space-exposed animals, both basal and thyrotropin-stimulated cAMP production were always higher. Also, the structure of thyroid follicles appeared more organized, while thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were overexpressed. Unlike the control samples, in the space samples thyrotropin receptor and caveolin-1 were both observed at the intracellular junctions, suggesting their interaction in specific cell membrane microdomains. In testes, immunofluorescent reaction for 3β- steroid dehydrogenase was performed and the relative expressions of hormone receptors and interleukin-1β were quantified by RT-PCR. Epididymal sperm number was counted. In space-exposed animals, the presence of 3β and 17β steroid dehydrogenase was reduced. Also, the expression of androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors increased while lutenizing hormone receptor levels were not affected. The interleukin 1 β expression was upregulated. The tubular architecture was altered and the sperm cell number was significantly reduced in spaceflight mouse epididymis (approx. −90% vs. laboratory and ground controls), indicating that the space environment may lead to degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules. Space-induced changes of structure and function of thyroid and testis/epididymis could be responsible for variations of hormone levels in human during space missions. More research, hopefully a reflight of MDS, would be needed to establish whether the space environment acts directly on the peripheral glands or induces changes in the hypotalamus-pituitary-glandular axis. Public Library of Science 2012-04-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3338839/ /pubmed/22558148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035418 Text en Masini et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Masini, Maria Angela Albi, Elisabetta Barmo, Cristina Bonfiglio, Tommaso Bruni, Lara Canesi, Laura Cataldi, Samuela Curcio, Francesco D'Amora, Marta Ferri, Ivana Goto, Katsumasa Kawano, Fuminori Lazzarini, Remo Loreti, Elisabetta Nakai, Naoya Ohira, Takashi Ohira, Yoshinobu Palmero, Silvio Prato, Paola Ricci, Franco Scarabelli, Linda Shibaguchi, Tsubasa Spelat, Renza Strollo, Felice Ambesi-Impiombato, Francesco Saverio The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis |
title | The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis |
title_full | The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis |
title_short | The Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Space Environment on Adult Mammalian Organisms: A Study on Mouse Thyroid and Testis |
title_sort | impact of long-term exposure to space environment on adult mammalian organisms: a study on mouse thyroid and testis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338839/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558148 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035418 |
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