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Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond

Neural stem cells are the origins of neurons and glia and generate all the differentiated neural cells of the mammalian central nervous system via the formation of intermediate precursors. Although less frequent, neural stem cells persevere in the postnatal brain where they generate neurons and glia...

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Autores principales: Bergström, Tobias, Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Informa Healthcare 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2012.665096
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author Bergström, Tobias
Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
author_facet Bergström, Tobias
Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
author_sort Bergström, Tobias
collection PubMed
description Neural stem cells are the origins of neurons and glia and generate all the differentiated neural cells of the mammalian central nervous system via the formation of intermediate precursors. Although less frequent, neural stem cells persevere in the postnatal brain where they generate neurons and glia. Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in a few limited brain regions. Regulation of neural stem cell number during central nervous system development and in adult life is associated with rigorous control. Failure in this regulation may lead to e.g. brain malformation, impaired learning and memory, or tumor development. Signaling pathways that are perturbed in glioma are the same that are important for neural stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, survival, and migration. The heterogeneity of human gliomas has impeded efficient treatment, but detailed molecular characterization together with novel stem cell-like glioma cell models that reflect the original tumor gives opportunities for research into new therapies. The observation that neural stem cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro has opened new avenues for medical research, with the hope that they could be used to compensate the loss of cells that features in several severe neurological diseases. Multipotent neural stem cells can be isolated from the embryonic and adult brain and maintained in culture in a defined medium. In addition, neural stem cells can be derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells by in vitro differentiation, thus adding to available models to study stem cells in health and disease.
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spelling pubmed-33395452012-05-24 Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond Bergström, Tobias Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin Ups J Med Sci Review Article Neural stem cells are the origins of neurons and glia and generate all the differentiated neural cells of the mammalian central nervous system via the formation of intermediate precursors. Although less frequent, neural stem cells persevere in the postnatal brain where they generate neurons and glia. Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in a few limited brain regions. Regulation of neural stem cell number during central nervous system development and in adult life is associated with rigorous control. Failure in this regulation may lead to e.g. brain malformation, impaired learning and memory, or tumor development. Signaling pathways that are perturbed in glioma are the same that are important for neural stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, survival, and migration. The heterogeneity of human gliomas has impeded efficient treatment, but detailed molecular characterization together with novel stem cell-like glioma cell models that reflect the original tumor gives opportunities for research into new therapies. The observation that neural stem cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro has opened new avenues for medical research, with the hope that they could be used to compensate the loss of cells that features in several severe neurological diseases. Multipotent neural stem cells can be isolated from the embryonic and adult brain and maintained in culture in a defined medium. In addition, neural stem cells can be derived from embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells by in vitro differentiation, thus adding to available models to study stem cells in health and disease. Informa Healthcare 2012-05 2012-04-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3339545/ /pubmed/22512245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2012.665096 Text en © Informa Healthcare http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Bergström, Tobias
Forsberg-Nilsson, Karin
Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond
title Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond
title_full Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond
title_fullStr Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond
title_full_unstemmed Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond
title_short Neural stem cells: Brain building blocks and beyond
title_sort neural stem cells: brain building blocks and beyond
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339545/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009734.2012.665096
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