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Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans

Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infectio...

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Autores principales: Chizzali, Cornelia, Beerhues, Ludger
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Beilstein-Institut 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68
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author Chizzali, Cornelia
Beerhues, Ludger
author_facet Chizzali, Cornelia
Beerhues, Ludger
author_sort Chizzali, Cornelia
collection PubMed
description Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. The antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexins was demonstrated. To date, 10 biphenyls and 17 dibenzofurans were isolated from 14 of the 30 Pyrinae genera. The most widely distributed compounds are the biphenyl aucuparin and the dibenzofuran γ-cotonefuran. The biosynthesis of the two classes of defense compounds is not well understood, despite the importance of the fruit crops. More recent studies have revealed simultaneous accumulation of biphenyls and dibenzofurans, suggesting sequential, rather than the previously proposed parallel, biosynthetic pathways. Elicitor-treated cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia served as a model system for studying phytoalexin metabolism. The key enzyme that forms the carbon skeleton is biphenyl synthase. The starter substrate for this type-III polyketide synthase is benzoyl-CoA. In apples, biphenyl synthase is encoded by a gene family, members of which are differentially regulated. Metabolism of the phytoalexins may provide new tools for designing disease control strategies for fruit trees of the Pyrinae subtribe.
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spelling pubmed-33432872012-05-04 Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans Chizzali, Cornelia Beerhues, Ludger Beilstein J Org Chem Review Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are the phytoalexins of the Pyrinae, a subtribe of the plant family Rosaceae. The Pyrinae correspond to the long-recognized Maloideae. Economically valuable species of the Pyrinae are apples and pears. Biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed de novo in response to infection by bacterial and fungal pathogens. The inducible defense compounds were also produced in cell suspension cultures after treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. The antimicrobial activity of the phytoalexins was demonstrated. To date, 10 biphenyls and 17 dibenzofurans were isolated from 14 of the 30 Pyrinae genera. The most widely distributed compounds are the biphenyl aucuparin and the dibenzofuran γ-cotonefuran. The biosynthesis of the two classes of defense compounds is not well understood, despite the importance of the fruit crops. More recent studies have revealed simultaneous accumulation of biphenyls and dibenzofurans, suggesting sequential, rather than the previously proposed parallel, biosynthetic pathways. Elicitor-treated cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia served as a model system for studying phytoalexin metabolism. The key enzyme that forms the carbon skeleton is biphenyl synthase. The starter substrate for this type-III polyketide synthase is benzoyl-CoA. In apples, biphenyl synthase is encoded by a gene family, members of which are differentially regulated. Metabolism of the phytoalexins may provide new tools for designing disease control strategies for fruit trees of the Pyrinae subtribe. Beilstein-Institut 2012-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3343287/ /pubmed/22563359 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68 Text en Copyright © 2012, Chizzali and Beerhues https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/terms)
spellingShingle Review
Chizzali, Cornelia
Beerhues, Ludger
Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans
title Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans
title_full Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans
title_fullStr Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans
title_full_unstemmed Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans
title_short Phytoalexins of the Pyrinae: Biphenyls and dibenzofurans
title_sort phytoalexins of the pyrinae: biphenyls and dibenzofurans
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3343287/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563359
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.68
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