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Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal hormones that play pivotal roles during plant development. In addition to the characterization of BR deficient mutants, specific BR biosynthesis inhibitors played an essential role in the elucidation of BR function in plants. However, high costs and limited avail...

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Autores principales: Hartwig, Thomas, Corvalan, Claudia, Best, Norman B., Budka, Joshua S., Zhu, Jia-Ying, Choe, Sunghwa, Schulz, Burkhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22590578
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036625
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author Hartwig, Thomas
Corvalan, Claudia
Best, Norman B.
Budka, Joshua S.
Zhu, Jia-Ying
Choe, Sunghwa
Schulz, Burkhard
author_facet Hartwig, Thomas
Corvalan, Claudia
Best, Norman B.
Budka, Joshua S.
Zhu, Jia-Ying
Choe, Sunghwa
Schulz, Burkhard
author_sort Hartwig, Thomas
collection PubMed
description Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal hormones that play pivotal roles during plant development. In addition to the characterization of BR deficient mutants, specific BR biosynthesis inhibitors played an essential role in the elucidation of BR function in plants. However, high costs and limited availability of common BR biosynthetic inhibitors constrain their key advantage as a species-independent tool to investigate BR function. We studied propiconazole (Pcz) as an alternative to the BR inhibitor brassinazole (Brz). Arabidopsis seedlings treated with Pcz phenocopied BR biosynthetic mutants. The steady state mRNA levels of BR, but not gibberellic acid (GA), regulated genes increased proportional to the concentrations of Pcz. Moreover, root inhibition and Pcz-induced expression of BR biosynthetic genes were rescued by 24epi-brassinolide, but not by GA(3) co-applications. Maize seedlings treated with Pcz showed impaired mesocotyl, coleoptile, and true leaf elongation. Interestingly, the genetic background strongly impacted the tissue specific sensitivity towards Pcz. Based on these findings we conclude that Pcz is a potent and specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis and an alternative to Brz. The reduced cost and increased availability of Pcz, compared to Brz, opens new possibilities to study BR function in larger crop species.
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spelling pubmed-33488812012-05-15 Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize Hartwig, Thomas Corvalan, Claudia Best, Norman B. Budka, Joshua S. Zhu, Jia-Ying Choe, Sunghwa Schulz, Burkhard PLoS One Research Article Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroidal hormones that play pivotal roles during plant development. In addition to the characterization of BR deficient mutants, specific BR biosynthesis inhibitors played an essential role in the elucidation of BR function in plants. However, high costs and limited availability of common BR biosynthetic inhibitors constrain their key advantage as a species-independent tool to investigate BR function. We studied propiconazole (Pcz) as an alternative to the BR inhibitor brassinazole (Brz). Arabidopsis seedlings treated with Pcz phenocopied BR biosynthetic mutants. The steady state mRNA levels of BR, but not gibberellic acid (GA), regulated genes increased proportional to the concentrations of Pcz. Moreover, root inhibition and Pcz-induced expression of BR biosynthetic genes were rescued by 24epi-brassinolide, but not by GA(3) co-applications. Maize seedlings treated with Pcz showed impaired mesocotyl, coleoptile, and true leaf elongation. Interestingly, the genetic background strongly impacted the tissue specific sensitivity towards Pcz. Based on these findings we conclude that Pcz is a potent and specific inhibitor of BR biosynthesis and an alternative to Brz. The reduced cost and increased availability of Pcz, compared to Brz, opens new possibilities to study BR function in larger crop species. Public Library of Science 2012-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3348881/ /pubmed/22590578 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036625 Text en Hartwig et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hartwig, Thomas
Corvalan, Claudia
Best, Norman B.
Budka, Joshua S.
Zhu, Jia-Ying
Choe, Sunghwa
Schulz, Burkhard
Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize
title Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize
title_full Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize
title_fullStr Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize
title_full_unstemmed Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize
title_short Propiconazole Is a Specific and Accessible Brassinosteroid (BR) Biosynthesis Inhibitor for Arabidopsis and Maize
title_sort propiconazole is a specific and accessible brassinosteroid (br) biosynthesis inhibitor for arabidopsis and maize
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348881/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22590578
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036625
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