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Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli
Chlorhexidine is a chlorinated phenolic disinfectant used commonly in mouthwash for its action against bacteria. However, a comparative study of the action of chlorhexidine on the cell morphology of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is lacking. In this study, the actions of chlorhexidine on t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3350502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22606280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036659 |
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author | Cheung, Hon-Yeung Wong, Matthew Man-Kin Cheung, Sau-Ha Liang, Longman Yimin Lam, Yun-Wah Chiu, Sung-Kay |
author_facet | Cheung, Hon-Yeung Wong, Matthew Man-Kin Cheung, Sau-Ha Liang, Longman Yimin Lam, Yun-Wah Chiu, Sung-Kay |
author_sort | Cheung, Hon-Yeung |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chlorhexidine is a chlorinated phenolic disinfectant used commonly in mouthwash for its action against bacteria. However, a comparative study of the action of chlorhexidine on the cell morphology of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is lacking. In this study, the actions of chlorhexidine on the cell morphology were identified with the aids of electron microscopy. After exposure to chlorhexidine, numerous spots of indentation on the cell wall were found in both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The number of indentation spots increased with time of incubation and increasing chlorhexidine concentration. Interestingly, the dented spots found in B. subtilis appeared mainly at the hemispherical caps of the cells, while in E. coli the dented spots were found all over the cells. After being exposed to chlorhexidine for a prolonged period, leakage of cellular contents and subsequent ghost cells were observed, especially from B subtilis. By using 2-D gel/MS-MS analysis, five proteins related to purine nucleoside interconversion and metabolism were preferentially induced in the cell wall of E. coli, while three proteins related to stress response and four others in amino acid biosynthesis were up-regulated in the cell wall materials of B. subtilis. The localized morphological damages together with the biochemical and protein analysis of the chlorhexidine-treated cells suggest that chlorhexidine may act on the differentially distributed lipids in the cell membranes/wall of B. subtilis and E. coli. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3350502 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33505022012-05-17 Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli Cheung, Hon-Yeung Wong, Matthew Man-Kin Cheung, Sau-Ha Liang, Longman Yimin Lam, Yun-Wah Chiu, Sung-Kay PLoS One Research Article Chlorhexidine is a chlorinated phenolic disinfectant used commonly in mouthwash for its action against bacteria. However, a comparative study of the action of chlorhexidine on the cell morphology of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is lacking. In this study, the actions of chlorhexidine on the cell morphology were identified with the aids of electron microscopy. After exposure to chlorhexidine, numerous spots of indentation on the cell wall were found in both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The number of indentation spots increased with time of incubation and increasing chlorhexidine concentration. Interestingly, the dented spots found in B. subtilis appeared mainly at the hemispherical caps of the cells, while in E. coli the dented spots were found all over the cells. After being exposed to chlorhexidine for a prolonged period, leakage of cellular contents and subsequent ghost cells were observed, especially from B subtilis. By using 2-D gel/MS-MS analysis, five proteins related to purine nucleoside interconversion and metabolism were preferentially induced in the cell wall of E. coli, while three proteins related to stress response and four others in amino acid biosynthesis were up-regulated in the cell wall materials of B. subtilis. The localized morphological damages together with the biochemical and protein analysis of the chlorhexidine-treated cells suggest that chlorhexidine may act on the differentially distributed lipids in the cell membranes/wall of B. subtilis and E. coli. Public Library of Science 2012-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3350502/ /pubmed/22606280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036659 Text en Cheung et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cheung, Hon-Yeung Wong, Matthew Man-Kin Cheung, Sau-Ha Liang, Longman Yimin Lam, Yun-Wah Chiu, Sung-Kay Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli |
title | Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli
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title_full | Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli
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title_fullStr | Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli
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title_full_unstemmed | Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli
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title_short | Differential Actions of Chlorhexidine on the Cell Wall of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli
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title_sort | differential actions of chlorhexidine on the cell wall of bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3350502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22606280 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036659 |
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