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Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling

Classically, the modulation of brain function and behavior by steroid hormones was linked exclusively to secretion by peripheral endocrine glands. Subsequently, steroid actions within the brain were shown dependent upon either synthesis and secretion by peripheral organs or by production within the...

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Autores principales: Remage-Healey, Luke, Saldanha, Colin J., Schlinger, Barney A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2011
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654800
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2011.00028
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author Remage-Healey, Luke
Saldanha, Colin J.
Schlinger, Barney A.
author_facet Remage-Healey, Luke
Saldanha, Colin J.
Schlinger, Barney A.
author_sort Remage-Healey, Luke
collection PubMed
description Classically, the modulation of brain function and behavior by steroid hormones was linked exclusively to secretion by peripheral endocrine glands. Subsequently, steroid actions within the brain were shown dependent upon either synthesis and secretion by peripheral organs or by production within the CNS itself using peripheral sources of precursors. Discovery of the estrogen-synthetic enzyme aromatase in brain further bolstered the latter view and served as a catalyst for expanding concepts of neurosteroidogenesis. In parallel research, several steroids, including estradiol, were found to have rapid effects on neuronal excitability, partially explained by novel actions at neuronal membranes. Recent findings from multiple levels of analysis and labs necessitate an updated view on how steroids are delivered to neural circuits. There is now considerable evidence for expression of the aromatase enzyme within synaptic boutons in the vertebrate CNS. Furthermore, additional work now directly couples rapid regulation of neuroestrogen synthesis with neurophysiological and behavioral outcomes. In this review we summarize evidence for targeted and acute synaptic estrogen synthesis and perisynaptic estrogen actions in the CNS of songbirds. We evaluate these findings in the context of criteria associated with classic neuromodulatory signaling. We term this novel form of signaling “synaptocrine,” and discuss its implications.
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spelling pubmed-33560042012-05-31 Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling Remage-Healey, Luke Saldanha, Colin J. Schlinger, Barney A. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Classically, the modulation of brain function and behavior by steroid hormones was linked exclusively to secretion by peripheral endocrine glands. Subsequently, steroid actions within the brain were shown dependent upon either synthesis and secretion by peripheral organs or by production within the CNS itself using peripheral sources of precursors. Discovery of the estrogen-synthetic enzyme aromatase in brain further bolstered the latter view and served as a catalyst for expanding concepts of neurosteroidogenesis. In parallel research, several steroids, including estradiol, were found to have rapid effects on neuronal excitability, partially explained by novel actions at neuronal membranes. Recent findings from multiple levels of analysis and labs necessitate an updated view on how steroids are delivered to neural circuits. There is now considerable evidence for expression of the aromatase enzyme within synaptic boutons in the vertebrate CNS. Furthermore, additional work now directly couples rapid regulation of neuroestrogen synthesis with neurophysiological and behavioral outcomes. In this review we summarize evidence for targeted and acute synaptic estrogen synthesis and perisynaptic estrogen actions in the CNS of songbirds. We evaluate these findings in the context of criteria associated with classic neuromodulatory signaling. We term this novel form of signaling “synaptocrine,” and discuss its implications. Frontiers Research Foundation 2011-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC3356004/ /pubmed/22654800 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2011.00028 Text en Copyright © 2011 Remage-Healey, Saldanha and Schlinger. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article subject to a non-exclusive license between the authors and Frontiers Media SA, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and other Frontiers conditions are complied with.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Remage-Healey, Luke
Saldanha, Colin J.
Schlinger, Barney A.
Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling
title Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling
title_full Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling
title_fullStr Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling
title_full_unstemmed Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling
title_short Estradiol Synthesis and Action at the Synapse: Evidence for “Synaptocrine” Signaling
title_sort estradiol synthesis and action at the synapse: evidence for “synaptocrine” signaling
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654800
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2011.00028
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