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Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations

Vector-borne diseases represent a major public health concern in most tropical and subtropical areas, and an emerging threat for more developed countries. Our understanding of the ecology, evolution and control of these diseases relies predominantly on theory and data on pathogen transmission in lar...

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Autores principales: Rascalou, Guilhem, Pontier, Dominique, Menu, Frédéric, Gourbière, Sébastien
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356347/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22629337
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036858
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author Rascalou, Guilhem
Pontier, Dominique
Menu, Frédéric
Gourbière, Sébastien
author_facet Rascalou, Guilhem
Pontier, Dominique
Menu, Frédéric
Gourbière, Sébastien
author_sort Rascalou, Guilhem
collection PubMed
description Vector-borne diseases represent a major public health concern in most tropical and subtropical areas, and an emerging threat for more developed countries. Our understanding of the ecology, evolution and control of these diseases relies predominantly on theory and data on pathogen transmission in large self-sustaining ‘source’ populations of vectors representative of highly endemic areas. However, there are numerous places where environmental conditions are less favourable to vector populations, but where immigration allows them to persist. We built an epidemiological model to investigate the dynamics of six major human vector borne-diseases in such non self-sustaining ‘sink’ vector populations. The model was parameterized through a review of the literature, and we performed extensive sensitivity analysis to look at the emergence and prevalence of the pathogen that could be encountered in these populations. Despite the low vector abundance in typical sink populations, all six human diseases were able to spread in 15–55% of cases after accidental introduction. The rate of spread was much more strongly influenced by vector longevity, immigration and feeding rates, than by transmission and virulence of the pathogen. Prevalence in humans remained lower than 5% for dengue, leishmaniasis and Japanese encephalitis, but substantially higher for diseases with longer duration of infection; malaria and the American and African trypanosomiasis. Vector-related parameters were again the key factors, although their influence was lower than on pathogen emergence. Our results emphasize the need for ecology and evolution to be thought in the context of metapopulations made of a mosaic of sink and source habitats, and to design vector control program not only targeting areas of high vector density, but working at a larger spatial scale.
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spelling pubmed-33563472012-05-24 Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations Rascalou, Guilhem Pontier, Dominique Menu, Frédéric Gourbière, Sébastien PLoS One Research Article Vector-borne diseases represent a major public health concern in most tropical and subtropical areas, and an emerging threat for more developed countries. Our understanding of the ecology, evolution and control of these diseases relies predominantly on theory and data on pathogen transmission in large self-sustaining ‘source’ populations of vectors representative of highly endemic areas. However, there are numerous places where environmental conditions are less favourable to vector populations, but where immigration allows them to persist. We built an epidemiological model to investigate the dynamics of six major human vector borne-diseases in such non self-sustaining ‘sink’ vector populations. The model was parameterized through a review of the literature, and we performed extensive sensitivity analysis to look at the emergence and prevalence of the pathogen that could be encountered in these populations. Despite the low vector abundance in typical sink populations, all six human diseases were able to spread in 15–55% of cases after accidental introduction. The rate of spread was much more strongly influenced by vector longevity, immigration and feeding rates, than by transmission and virulence of the pathogen. Prevalence in humans remained lower than 5% for dengue, leishmaniasis and Japanese encephalitis, but substantially higher for diseases with longer duration of infection; malaria and the American and African trypanosomiasis. Vector-related parameters were again the key factors, although their influence was lower than on pathogen emergence. Our results emphasize the need for ecology and evolution to be thought in the context of metapopulations made of a mosaic of sink and source habitats, and to design vector control program not only targeting areas of high vector density, but working at a larger spatial scale. Public Library of Science 2012-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC3356347/ /pubmed/22629337 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036858 Text en Rascalou et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Rascalou, Guilhem
Pontier, Dominique
Menu, Frédéric
Gourbière, Sébastien
Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations
title Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations
title_full Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations
title_fullStr Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations
title_full_unstemmed Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations
title_short Emergence and Prevalence of Human Vector-Borne Diseases in Sink Vector Populations
title_sort emergence and prevalence of human vector-borne diseases in sink vector populations
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356347/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22629337
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036858
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