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Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instabili...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kanthan, Rani, Senger, Jenna-Lynn, Kanthan, Selliah Chandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997602
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/597497
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author Kanthan, Rani
Senger, Jenna-Lynn
Kanthan, Selliah Chandra
author_facet Kanthan, Rani
Senger, Jenna-Lynn
Kanthan, Selliah Chandra
author_sort Kanthan, Rani
collection PubMed
description Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), (b) genomic mutations including suppression of tumour suppressor genes and activation of tumour oncogenes, (c) microRNA, and (d) epigenetic changes. As cancer becomes more advanced, invasion and metastases are facilitated through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with additional genetic alterations. Despite ongoing identification of genetic and epigenetic markers and the understanding of alternative pathways involved in the development and progression of this disease, CRC remains the second highest cause of malignancy-related mortality in Canada. The molecular events that underlie the tumorigenesis of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma are detailed in this manuscript.
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spelling pubmed-33575972012-09-20 Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review Kanthan, Rani Senger, Jenna-Lynn Kanthan, Selliah Chandra Patholog Res Int Review Article Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), (b) genomic mutations including suppression of tumour suppressor genes and activation of tumour oncogenes, (c) microRNA, and (d) epigenetic changes. As cancer becomes more advanced, invasion and metastases are facilitated through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with additional genetic alterations. Despite ongoing identification of genetic and epigenetic markers and the understanding of alternative pathways involved in the development and progression of this disease, CRC remains the second highest cause of malignancy-related mortality in Canada. The molecular events that underlie the tumorigenesis of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma are detailed in this manuscript. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3357597/ /pubmed/22997602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/597497 Text en Copyright © 2012 Rani Kanthan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kanthan, Rani
Senger, Jenna-Lynn
Kanthan, Selliah Chandra
Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
title Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
title_full Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
title_fullStr Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
title_short Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
title_sort molecular events in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357597/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997602
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/597497
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