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Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instabili...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357597/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/597497 |
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author | Kanthan, Rani Senger, Jenna-Lynn Kanthan, Selliah Chandra |
author_facet | Kanthan, Rani Senger, Jenna-Lynn Kanthan, Selliah Chandra |
author_sort | Kanthan, Rani |
collection | PubMed |
description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), (b) genomic mutations including suppression of tumour suppressor genes and activation of tumour oncogenes, (c) microRNA, and (d) epigenetic changes. As cancer becomes more advanced, invasion and metastases are facilitated through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with additional genetic alterations. Despite ongoing identification of genetic and epigenetic markers and the understanding of alternative pathways involved in the development and progression of this disease, CRC remains the second highest cause of malignancy-related mortality in Canada. The molecular events that underlie the tumorigenesis of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma are detailed in this manuscript. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3357597 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33575972012-09-20 Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review Kanthan, Rani Senger, Jenna-Lynn Kanthan, Selliah Chandra Patholog Res Int Review Article Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease, developing through a multipathway sequence of events guided by clonal selections. Pathways included in the development of CRC may be broadly categorized into (a) genomic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), (b) genomic mutations including suppression of tumour suppressor genes and activation of tumour oncogenes, (c) microRNA, and (d) epigenetic changes. As cancer becomes more advanced, invasion and metastases are facilitated through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), with additional genetic alterations. Despite ongoing identification of genetic and epigenetic markers and the understanding of alternative pathways involved in the development and progression of this disease, CRC remains the second highest cause of malignancy-related mortality in Canada. The molecular events that underlie the tumorigenesis of primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma are detailed in this manuscript. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-05-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3357597/ /pubmed/22997602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/597497 Text en Copyright © 2012 Rani Kanthan et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Kanthan, Rani Senger, Jenna-Lynn Kanthan, Selliah Chandra Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review |
title | Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review |
title_full | Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review |
title_fullStr | Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review |
title_short | Molecular Events in Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma: A Review |
title_sort | molecular events in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a review |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357597/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22997602 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/597497 |
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