Elderly dialysis patients: analysis of factors affecting long-term survival in 4-year prospective observation

PURPOSE: To assess factors influencing the long-term survival of elderly dialysis patients. METHODS: The study group consisted of 51 prevalent dialysis patients aged over 70 years (32 F and 19 M, all caucasians), who had been on a chronic hemodialysis (27) or peritoneal dialysis program (24) for at least 2 months; median age was 77 years, median time on dialysis before inclusion was 16 months, and median residual diuresis was 600 ml. The patients were prospectively followed up to 4 years, and an analysis of factors affecting survival was performed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients from the initial cohort of 51 (25.5 %) survived the whole 48-month observation period: 10 HD patients (37 %) and 3 PD patients (12.5 %). Annual mortality rate was 28.2 %: 37.4 % on PD vs. 20.9 % on HD. The dialysis modality had a significant impact on patients’ survival (p = 0.049; Cox F-test). The independent mortality risk factors in the Cox proportional hazard regression model were higher plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) (p = 0.006), lower residual diuresis (p = 0.048), and lower systolic blood pressure (BP) value (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Paramount for the survival of the elderly on dialysis is adequate extracellular volume control. Residual renal function is a protective factor for the survival of elderly HD patients. This observation is novel, not previously reported in an elderly dialysis population.