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Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance
PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to describe the distribution of all runners' performances in the largest marathons worldwide and to determine which environmental parameters have the maximal impact. METHODS: We analysed the results of six European (Paris, London, Berlin) and American...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359364/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22649525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037407 |
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author | El Helou, Nour Tafflet, Muriel Berthelot, Geoffroy Tolaini, Julien Marc, Andy Guillaume, Marion Hausswirth, Christophe Toussaint, Jean-François |
author_facet | El Helou, Nour Tafflet, Muriel Berthelot, Geoffroy Tolaini, Julien Marc, Andy Guillaume, Marion Hausswirth, Christophe Toussaint, Jean-François |
author_sort | El Helou, Nour |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to describe the distribution of all runners' performances in the largest marathons worldwide and to determine which environmental parameters have the maximal impact. METHODS: We analysed the results of six European (Paris, London, Berlin) and American (Boston, Chicago, New York) marathon races from 2001 to 2010 through 1,791,972 participants' performances (all finishers per year and race). Four environmental factors were gathered for each of the 60 races: temperature (°C), humidity (%), dew point (°C), and the atmospheric pressure at sea level (hPA); as well as the concentrations of four atmospheric pollutants: NO(2) – SO(2) – O(3) and PM(10) (μg.m(−3)). RESULTS: All performances per year and race are normally distributed with distribution parameters (mean and standard deviation) that differ according to environmental factors. Air temperature and performance are significantly correlated through a quadratic model. The optimal temperatures for maximal mean speed of all runners vary depending on the performance level. When temperature increases above these optima, running speed decreases and withdrawal rates increase. Ozone also impacts performance but its effect might be linked to temperature. The other environmental parameters do not have any significant impact. CONCLUSIONS: The large amount of data analyzed and the model developed in this study highlight the major influence of air temperature above all other climatic parameter on human running capacity and adaptation to race conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3359364 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33593642012-05-30 Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance El Helou, Nour Tafflet, Muriel Berthelot, Geoffroy Tolaini, Julien Marc, Andy Guillaume, Marion Hausswirth, Christophe Toussaint, Jean-François PLoS One Research Article PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to describe the distribution of all runners' performances in the largest marathons worldwide and to determine which environmental parameters have the maximal impact. METHODS: We analysed the results of six European (Paris, London, Berlin) and American (Boston, Chicago, New York) marathon races from 2001 to 2010 through 1,791,972 participants' performances (all finishers per year and race). Four environmental factors were gathered for each of the 60 races: temperature (°C), humidity (%), dew point (°C), and the atmospheric pressure at sea level (hPA); as well as the concentrations of four atmospheric pollutants: NO(2) – SO(2) – O(3) and PM(10) (μg.m(−3)). RESULTS: All performances per year and race are normally distributed with distribution parameters (mean and standard deviation) that differ according to environmental factors. Air temperature and performance are significantly correlated through a quadratic model. The optimal temperatures for maximal mean speed of all runners vary depending on the performance level. When temperature increases above these optima, running speed decreases and withdrawal rates increase. Ozone also impacts performance but its effect might be linked to temperature. The other environmental parameters do not have any significant impact. CONCLUSIONS: The large amount of data analyzed and the model developed in this study highlight the major influence of air temperature above all other climatic parameter on human running capacity and adaptation to race conditions. Public Library of Science 2012-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC3359364/ /pubmed/22649525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037407 Text en El Helou et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article El Helou, Nour Tafflet, Muriel Berthelot, Geoffroy Tolaini, Julien Marc, Andy Guillaume, Marion Hausswirth, Christophe Toussaint, Jean-François Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance |
title | Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance |
title_full | Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance |
title_fullStr | Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance |
title_short | Impact of Environmental Parameters on Marathon Running Performance |
title_sort | impact of environmental parameters on marathon running performance |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359364/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22649525 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037407 |
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