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Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma

Recent studies suggest that extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) persist after birth in the superficial nerve sheath of peripheral nerves and give rise to migratory melanocyte precursors when replacements for epidermal melanocytes are needed on the basal epidermal layer of the skin. I...

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Autores principales: Hoerter, James D., Bradley, Patrick, Casillas, Alexandria, Chambers, Danielle, Denholm, Carli, Johnson, Kimberly, Weiswasser, Brandon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22666269
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/407079
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author Hoerter, James D.
Bradley, Patrick
Casillas, Alexandria
Chambers, Danielle
Denholm, Carli
Johnson, Kimberly
Weiswasser, Brandon
author_facet Hoerter, James D.
Bradley, Patrick
Casillas, Alexandria
Chambers, Danielle
Denholm, Carli
Johnson, Kimberly
Weiswasser, Brandon
author_sort Hoerter, James D.
collection PubMed
description Recent studies suggest that extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) persist after birth in the superficial nerve sheath of peripheral nerves and give rise to migratory melanocyte precursors when replacements for epidermal melanocytes are needed on the basal epidermal layer of the skin. If a damaged MSC or melanocyte precursor can be shown to be the primary origin of melanoma, targeted identification and eradication of it by antibody-based therapies will be the best method to treat melanoma and a very effective way to prevent its recurrence. Transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in MSC self-renewal, expansion and differentiation are reviewed. A model is presented to show how the detrimental effects of long-term UVA/UVB radiation on DNA and repair mechanisms in MSCs convert them to melanoma stem cells. Zebrafish have many advantages for investigating the role of MSCs in the development of melanoma. The signaling pathways regulating the development of MSCs in zebrafish are very similar to those found in humans and mice. The ability to easily manipulate the MSC population makes zebrafish an excellent model for studying how damage to MSCs may lead to melanoma.
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spelling pubmed-33597702012-06-04 Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma Hoerter, James D. Bradley, Patrick Casillas, Alexandria Chambers, Danielle Denholm, Carli Johnson, Kimberly Weiswasser, Brandon Stem Cells Int Review Article Recent studies suggest that extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) persist after birth in the superficial nerve sheath of peripheral nerves and give rise to migratory melanocyte precursors when replacements for epidermal melanocytes are needed on the basal epidermal layer of the skin. If a damaged MSC or melanocyte precursor can be shown to be the primary origin of melanoma, targeted identification and eradication of it by antibody-based therapies will be the best method to treat melanoma and a very effective way to prevent its recurrence. Transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in MSC self-renewal, expansion and differentiation are reviewed. A model is presented to show how the detrimental effects of long-term UVA/UVB radiation on DNA and repair mechanisms in MSCs convert them to melanoma stem cells. Zebrafish have many advantages for investigating the role of MSCs in the development of melanoma. The signaling pathways regulating the development of MSCs in zebrafish are very similar to those found in humans and mice. The ability to easily manipulate the MSC population makes zebrafish an excellent model for studying how damage to MSCs may lead to melanoma. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3359770/ /pubmed/22666269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/407079 Text en Copyright © 2012 James D. Hoerter et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Hoerter, James D.
Bradley, Patrick
Casillas, Alexandria
Chambers, Danielle
Denholm, Carli
Johnson, Kimberly
Weiswasser, Brandon
Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma
title Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma
title_full Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma
title_fullStr Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma
title_full_unstemmed Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma
title_short Extrafollicular Dermal Melanocyte Stem Cells and Melanoma
title_sort extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells and melanoma
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3359770/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22666269
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/407079
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