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Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions

BACKGROUND: Patients with major depression respond to antidepressant treatment, but 10%–30% of them do not improve or show a partial response coupled with functional impairment, poor quality of life, suicide ideation and attempts, self-injurious behavior, and a high relapse rate. The aim of this pap...

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Autor principal: Al-Harbi, Khalid Saad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654508
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S29716
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author Al-Harbi, Khalid Saad
author_facet Al-Harbi, Khalid Saad
author_sort Al-Harbi, Khalid Saad
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Patients with major depression respond to antidepressant treatment, but 10%–30% of them do not improve or show a partial response coupled with functional impairment, poor quality of life, suicide ideation and attempts, self-injurious behavior, and a high relapse rate. The aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic options for treating resistant major depressive disorder, as well as evaluating further therapeutic options. METHODS: In addition to Google Scholar and Quertle searches, a PubMed search using key words was conducted, and relevant articles published in English peer-reviewed journals (1990–2011) were retrieved. Only those papers that directly addressed treatment options for treatment-resistant depression were retained for extensive review. RESULTS: Treatment-resistant depression, a complex clinical problem caused by multiple risk factors, is targeted by integrated therapeutic strategies, which include optimization of medications, a combination of antidepressants, switching of antidepressants, and augmentation with non-antidepressants, psychosocial and cultural therapies, and somatic therapies including electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, deep brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation. As a corollary, more than a third of patients with treatment-resistant depression tend to achieve remission and the rest continue to suffer from residual symptoms. The latter group of patients needs further study to identify the most effective therapeutic modalities. Newer biomarker-based antidepressants and other drugs, together with non-drug strategies, are on the horizon to address further the multiple complex issues of treatment-resistant depression. CONCLUSION: Treatment-resistant depression continues to challenge mental health care providers, and further relevant research involving newer drugs is warranted to improve the quality of life of patients with the disorder.
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spelling pubmed-33632992012-05-31 Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions Al-Harbi, Khalid Saad Patient Prefer Adherence Review BACKGROUND: Patients with major depression respond to antidepressant treatment, but 10%–30% of them do not improve or show a partial response coupled with functional impairment, poor quality of life, suicide ideation and attempts, self-injurious behavior, and a high relapse rate. The aim of this paper is to review the therapeutic options for treating resistant major depressive disorder, as well as evaluating further therapeutic options. METHODS: In addition to Google Scholar and Quertle searches, a PubMed search using key words was conducted, and relevant articles published in English peer-reviewed journals (1990–2011) were retrieved. Only those papers that directly addressed treatment options for treatment-resistant depression were retained for extensive review. RESULTS: Treatment-resistant depression, a complex clinical problem caused by multiple risk factors, is targeted by integrated therapeutic strategies, which include optimization of medications, a combination of antidepressants, switching of antidepressants, and augmentation with non-antidepressants, psychosocial and cultural therapies, and somatic therapies including electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, deep brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation. As a corollary, more than a third of patients with treatment-resistant depression tend to achieve remission and the rest continue to suffer from residual symptoms. The latter group of patients needs further study to identify the most effective therapeutic modalities. Newer biomarker-based antidepressants and other drugs, together with non-drug strategies, are on the horizon to address further the multiple complex issues of treatment-resistant depression. CONCLUSION: Treatment-resistant depression continues to challenge mental health care providers, and further relevant research involving newer drugs is warranted to improve the quality of life of patients with the disorder. Dove Medical Press 2012-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC3363299/ /pubmed/22654508 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S29716 Text en © 2012 Al-Harbi, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Al-Harbi, Khalid Saad
Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
title Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
title_full Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
title_fullStr Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
title_full_unstemmed Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
title_short Treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
title_sort treatment-resistant depression: therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22654508
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S29716
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