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Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly

Neural circuit formation requires the coordination of many complex developmental processes. First, neurons project axons over long distances to find their final targets and then establish appropriate connectivity essential for the formation of neuronal circuitry. Growth cones, the leading edges of a...

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Autor principal: Yoshida, Yutaka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Research Foundation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22685427
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00071
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author Yoshida, Yutaka
author_facet Yoshida, Yutaka
author_sort Yoshida, Yutaka
collection PubMed
description Neural circuit formation requires the coordination of many complex developmental processes. First, neurons project axons over long distances to find their final targets and then establish appropriate connectivity essential for the formation of neuronal circuitry. Growth cones, the leading edges of axons, navigate by interacting with a variety of attractive and repulsive axon guidance cues along their trajectories and at final target regions. In addition to guidance of axons, neuronal polarization, neuronal migration, and dendrite development must be precisely regulated during development to establish proper neural circuitry. Semaphorins consist of a large protein family, which includes secreted and cell surface proteins, and they play important roles in many steps of neural circuit formation. The major semaphorin receptors are plexins and neuropilins, however other receptors and co-receptors also mediate signaling by semaphorins. Upon semaphorin binding to their receptors, downstream signaling molecules transduce this event within cells to mediate further events, including alteration of microtubule and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, I review recent studies on semaphorin signaling in vertebrate neural circuit assembly, with the goal of highlighting how this diverse family of cues and receptors imparts exquisite specificity to neural complex connectivity.
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spelling pubmed-33682362012-06-08 Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly Yoshida, Yutaka Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Neural circuit formation requires the coordination of many complex developmental processes. First, neurons project axons over long distances to find their final targets and then establish appropriate connectivity essential for the formation of neuronal circuitry. Growth cones, the leading edges of axons, navigate by interacting with a variety of attractive and repulsive axon guidance cues along their trajectories and at final target regions. In addition to guidance of axons, neuronal polarization, neuronal migration, and dendrite development must be precisely regulated during development to establish proper neural circuitry. Semaphorins consist of a large protein family, which includes secreted and cell surface proteins, and they play important roles in many steps of neural circuit formation. The major semaphorin receptors are plexins and neuropilins, however other receptors and co-receptors also mediate signaling by semaphorins. Upon semaphorin binding to their receptors, downstream signaling molecules transduce this event within cells to mediate further events, including alteration of microtubule and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, I review recent studies on semaphorin signaling in vertebrate neural circuit assembly, with the goal of highlighting how this diverse family of cues and receptors imparts exquisite specificity to neural complex connectivity. Frontiers Research Foundation 2012-06-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3368236/ /pubmed/22685427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00071 Text en Copyright © 2012 Yoshida. http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Yoshida, Yutaka
Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly
title Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly
title_full Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly
title_fullStr Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly
title_full_unstemmed Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly
title_short Semaphorin Signaling in Vertebrate Neural Circuit Assembly
title_sort semaphorin signaling in vertebrate neural circuit assembly
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22685427
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00071
work_keys_str_mv AT yoshidayutaka semaphorinsignalinginvertebrateneuralcircuitassembly