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Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disea...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369468/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610504 |
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author | Smyk, Daniel S. Rigopoulou, Eirini I. Pares, Albert Billinis, Charalambos Burroughs, Andrew K. Muratori, Luigi Invernizzi, Pietro Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. |
author_facet | Smyk, Daniel S. Rigopoulou, Eirini I. Pares, Albert Billinis, Charalambos Burroughs, Andrew K. Muratori, Luigi Invernizzi, Pietro Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. |
author_sort | Smyk, Daniel S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC. The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported. The reasons underlying the low incidence of males with PBC are largely unknown. Epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 7–11% of PBC patients are males. There does not appear to be any histological, serological, or biochemical differences between male and female PBC, although the symptomatology may differ, with males being at higher risk of life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatoma. Studies on X chromosome and sex hormones are of interest when studying the low preponderance of PBC in males; however, these studies are far from conclusive. This paper will critically analyze the literature surrounding PBC in males. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3369468 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33694682012-06-12 Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Smyk, Daniel S. Rigopoulou, Eirini I. Pares, Albert Billinis, Charalambos Burroughs, Andrew K. Muratori, Luigi Invernizzi, Pietro Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. Clin Dev Immunol Review Article Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC. The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported. The reasons underlying the low incidence of males with PBC are largely unknown. Epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 7–11% of PBC patients are males. There does not appear to be any histological, serological, or biochemical differences between male and female PBC, although the symptomatology may differ, with males being at higher risk of life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatoma. Studies on X chromosome and sex hormones are of interest when studying the low preponderance of PBC in males; however, these studies are far from conclusive. This paper will critically analyze the literature surrounding PBC in males. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3369468/ /pubmed/22693524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610504 Text en Copyright © 2012 Daniel S. Smyk et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Smyk, Daniel S. Rigopoulou, Eirini I. Pares, Albert Billinis, Charalambos Burroughs, Andrew K. Muratori, Luigi Invernizzi, Pietro Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
title | Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
title_full | Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
title_fullStr | Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
title_short | Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis |
title_sort | sex differences associated with primary biliary cirrhosis |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369468/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610504 |
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