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Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disea...

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Autores principales: Smyk, Daniel S., Rigopoulou, Eirini I., Pares, Albert, Billinis, Charalambos, Burroughs, Andrew K., Muratori, Luigi, Invernizzi, Pietro, Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610504
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author Smyk, Daniel S.
Rigopoulou, Eirini I.
Pares, Albert
Billinis, Charalambos
Burroughs, Andrew K.
Muratori, Luigi
Invernizzi, Pietro
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
author_facet Smyk, Daniel S.
Rigopoulou, Eirini I.
Pares, Albert
Billinis, Charalambos
Burroughs, Andrew K.
Muratori, Luigi
Invernizzi, Pietro
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
author_sort Smyk, Daniel S.
collection PubMed
description Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC. The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported. The reasons underlying the low incidence of males with PBC are largely unknown. Epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 7–11% of PBC patients are males. There does not appear to be any histological, serological, or biochemical differences between male and female PBC, although the symptomatology may differ, with males being at higher risk of life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatoma. Studies on X chromosome and sex hormones are of interest when studying the low preponderance of PBC in males; however, these studies are far from conclusive. This paper will critically analyze the literature surrounding PBC in males.
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spelling pubmed-33694682012-06-12 Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Smyk, Daniel S. Rigopoulou, Eirini I. Pares, Albert Billinis, Charalambos Burroughs, Andrew K. Muratori, Luigi Invernizzi, Pietro Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. Clin Dev Immunol Review Article Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC. The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported. The reasons underlying the low incidence of males with PBC are largely unknown. Epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 7–11% of PBC patients are males. There does not appear to be any histological, serological, or biochemical differences between male and female PBC, although the symptomatology may differ, with males being at higher risk of life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatoma. Studies on X chromosome and sex hormones are of interest when studying the low preponderance of PBC in males; however, these studies are far from conclusive. This paper will critically analyze the literature surrounding PBC in males. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3369468/ /pubmed/22693524 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610504 Text en Copyright © 2012 Daniel S. Smyk et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Smyk, Daniel S.
Rigopoulou, Eirini I.
Pares, Albert
Billinis, Charalambos
Burroughs, Andrew K.
Muratori, Luigi
Invernizzi, Pietro
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
title Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
title_full Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
title_fullStr Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
title_short Sex Differences Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
title_sort sex differences associated with primary biliary cirrhosis
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369468/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693524
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/610504
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