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Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions

OBJECTIVE: Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50...

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Autores principales: de André, Paulo Afonso, Veras, Mariana Matera, Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri, Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22760904
http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(06)15
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author de André, Paulo Afonso
Veras, Mariana Matera
Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri
Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
author_facet de André, Paulo Afonso
Veras, Mariana Matera
Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri
Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
author_sort de André, Paulo Afonso
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50 ppm of sulfur) was postponed until 2012 without a comprehensive analysis of the effect of this delay on public health parameters. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy on health indicators and monetary health costs in Brazil. METHODS: The primary estimator of exposure to air pollution was the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter (particles with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 µm, [PM2.5]). This parameter was measured daily in six Brazilian metropolitan areas during 2007-2008. We calculated 1) the projected reduction in the PM2.5 that would have been achieved if the Euro IV standards had been implemented in 2009 and 2) the expected reduction after implementation in 2012. The difference between these two time curves was transformed into health outcomes using previous dose-response curves. The economic valuation was performed based on the DALY (disability-adjusted life years) method. RESULTS: The delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy will result in an estimated excess of 13,984 deaths up to 2040. Health expenditures are projected to be increased by nearly US$ 11.5 billion for the same period. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that a significant health burden will occur because of the postponement in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy. These results also reinforce the concept that health effects must be considered when revising fuel and emission policies.
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spelling pubmed-33703172012-06-11 Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions de André, Paulo Afonso Veras, Mariana Matera Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento Clinics (Sao Paulo) Basic Research OBJECTIVE: Due to their toxicity, diesel emissions have been submitted to progressively more restrictive regulations in developed countries. However, in Brazil, the implementation of the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy (Euro IV standards for vehicles produced in 2009 and low-sulfur diesel with 50 ppm of sulfur) was postponed until 2012 without a comprehensive analysis of the effect of this delay on public health parameters. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy on health indicators and monetary health costs in Brazil. METHODS: The primary estimator of exposure to air pollution was the concentration of ambient fine particulate matter (particles with aerodynamic diameters <2.5 µm, [PM2.5]). This parameter was measured daily in six Brazilian metropolitan areas during 2007-2008. We calculated 1) the projected reduction in the PM2.5 that would have been achieved if the Euro IV standards had been implemented in 2009 and 2) the expected reduction after implementation in 2012. The difference between these two time curves was transformed into health outcomes using previous dose-response curves. The economic valuation was performed based on the DALY (disability-adjusted life years) method. RESULTS: The delay in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy will result in an estimated excess of 13,984 deaths up to 2040. Health expenditures are projected to be increased by nearly US$ 11.5 billion for the same period. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that a significant health burden will occur because of the postponement in implementing the Cleaner Diesel Technologies policy. These results also reinforce the concept that health effects must be considered when revising fuel and emission policies. Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo 2012-06 /pmc/articles/PMC3370317/ /pubmed/22760904 http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(06)15 Text en Copyright © 2012 Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Basic Research
de André, Paulo Afonso
Veras, Mariana Matera
Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri
Saldiva, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
title Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
title_full Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
title_fullStr Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
title_full_unstemmed Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
title_short Lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six Brazilian metropolitan regions
title_sort lean diesel technology and human health: a case study in six brazilian metropolitan regions
topic Basic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22760904
http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2012(06)15
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