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Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species

This review offers an overview of the influence of reactive species produced during exercise and their effect on exercise adaptation. Reactive species and free radicals are unstable molecules that oxidize other molecules in order to become stable. Although they play important roles in our body, they...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gomes, Elisa Couto, Silva, Albená Nunes, de Oliveira, Marta Rubino
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701757
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/756132
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author Gomes, Elisa Couto
Silva, Albená Nunes
de Oliveira, Marta Rubino
author_facet Gomes, Elisa Couto
Silva, Albená Nunes
de Oliveira, Marta Rubino
author_sort Gomes, Elisa Couto
collection PubMed
description This review offers an overview of the influence of reactive species produced during exercise and their effect on exercise adaptation. Reactive species and free radicals are unstable molecules that oxidize other molecules in order to become stable. Although they play important roles in our body, they can also lead to oxidative stress impairing diverse cellular functions. During exercise, reactive species can be produced mainly, but not exclusively, by the following mechanisms: electron leak at the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ischemia/reperfusion and activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase, inflammatory response, and autooxidation of catecholamines. Chronic exercise also leads to the upregulation of the body's antioxidant defence mechanism, which helps minimize the oxidative stress that may occur after an acute bout of exercise. Recent studies show a beneficial role of the reactive species, produced during a bout of exercise, that lead to important training adaptations: angiogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis, and muscle hypertrophy. The adaptations occur depending on the mechanic, and consequently biochemical, stimulus within the muscle. This is a new area of study that promises important findings in the sphere of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the relationship between oxidative stress and exercise.
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spelling pubmed-33722262012-06-14 Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species Gomes, Elisa Couto Silva, Albená Nunes de Oliveira, Marta Rubino Oxid Med Cell Longev Review Article This review offers an overview of the influence of reactive species produced during exercise and their effect on exercise adaptation. Reactive species and free radicals are unstable molecules that oxidize other molecules in order to become stable. Although they play important roles in our body, they can also lead to oxidative stress impairing diverse cellular functions. During exercise, reactive species can be produced mainly, but not exclusively, by the following mechanisms: electron leak at the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ischemia/reperfusion and activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase, inflammatory response, and autooxidation of catecholamines. Chronic exercise also leads to the upregulation of the body's antioxidant defence mechanism, which helps minimize the oxidative stress that may occur after an acute bout of exercise. Recent studies show a beneficial role of the reactive species, produced during a bout of exercise, that lead to important training adaptations: angiogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis, and muscle hypertrophy. The adaptations occur depending on the mechanic, and consequently biochemical, stimulus within the muscle. This is a new area of study that promises important findings in the sphere of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the relationship between oxidative stress and exercise. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3372226/ /pubmed/22701757 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/756132 Text en Copyright © 2012 Elisa Couto Gomes et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Gomes, Elisa Couto
Silva, Albená Nunes
de Oliveira, Marta Rubino
Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species
title Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species
title_full Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species
title_fullStr Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species
title_full_unstemmed Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species
title_short Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species
title_sort oxidants, antioxidants, and the beneficial roles of exercise-induced production of reactive species
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3372226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701757
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/756132
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