Mechanisms underlying cortical activity during value-guided choice

When choosing between two options, correlates of their value are represented in neural activity throughout the brain. Whether these representations reflect activity fundamental to the computational process of value comparison, as opposed to other computations covarying with value, is unknown. Here, we investigated activity in a biophysically plausible network model that transforms inputs relating to value into categorical choices. A set of characteristic time-varying signals emerged that reflect value comparison. We tested these model predictions in magnetoencephalography data recorded from human subjects performing value-guided decisions. Parietal and prefrontal signals matched closely with model predictions. These results provide a mechanistic explanation of neural signals recorded during value-guided choice, and a means of distinguishing computational roles of different cortical regions whose activity covaries with value.