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Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study
Objective To study the long term consequences of low carbohydrate diets, generally characterised by concomitant increases in protein intake, on cardiovascular health. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Uppsala, Sweden. Participants From a random population sample, 43 396 Swedish women, aged 30...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383863/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4026 |
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author | Lagiou, Pagona Sandin, Sven Lof, Marie Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete |
author_facet | Lagiou, Pagona Sandin, Sven Lof, Marie Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete |
author_sort | Lagiou, Pagona |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective To study the long term consequences of low carbohydrate diets, generally characterised by concomitant increases in protein intake, on cardiovascular health. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Uppsala, Sweden. Participants From a random population sample, 43 396 Swedish women, aged 30-49 years at baseline, completed an extensive dietary questionnaire and were followed-up for an average of 15.7 years. Main outcome measures Association of incident cardiovascular diseases (ascertained by linkage with nationwide registries), overall and by diagnostic category, with decreasing carbohydrate intake (in tenths), increasing protein intake (in tenths), and an additive combination of these variables (low carbohydrate-high protein score, from 2 to 20), adjusted for intake of energy, intake of saturated and unsaturated fat, and several non-dietary variables. Results A one tenth decrease in carbohydrate intake or increase in protein intake or a 2 unit increase in the low carbohydrate-high protein score were all statistically significantly associated with increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease overall (n=1270)—incidence rate ratio estimates 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.08), 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06), and 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08). No heterogeneity existed in the association of any of these scores with the five studied cardiovascular outcomes: ischaemic heart disease (n=703), ischaemic stroke (n=294), haemorrhagic stroke (n=70), subarachnoid haemorrhage (n=121), and peripheral arterial disease (n=82). Conclusions Low carbohydrate-high protein diets, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3383863 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33838632012-06-29 Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study Lagiou, Pagona Sandin, Sven Lof, Marie Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete BMJ Research Objective To study the long term consequences of low carbohydrate diets, generally characterised by concomitant increases in protein intake, on cardiovascular health. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Uppsala, Sweden. Participants From a random population sample, 43 396 Swedish women, aged 30-49 years at baseline, completed an extensive dietary questionnaire and were followed-up for an average of 15.7 years. Main outcome measures Association of incident cardiovascular diseases (ascertained by linkage with nationwide registries), overall and by diagnostic category, with decreasing carbohydrate intake (in tenths), increasing protein intake (in tenths), and an additive combination of these variables (low carbohydrate-high protein score, from 2 to 20), adjusted for intake of energy, intake of saturated and unsaturated fat, and several non-dietary variables. Results A one tenth decrease in carbohydrate intake or increase in protein intake or a 2 unit increase in the low carbohydrate-high protein score were all statistically significantly associated with increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease overall (n=1270)—incidence rate ratio estimates 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.08), 1.04 (1.02 to 1.06), and 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08). No heterogeneity existed in the association of any of these scores with the five studied cardiovascular outcomes: ischaemic heart disease (n=703), ischaemic stroke (n=294), haemorrhagic stroke (n=70), subarachnoid haemorrhage (n=121), and peripheral arterial disease (n=82). Conclusions Low carbohydrate-high protein diets, used on a regular basis and without consideration of the nature of carbohydrates or the source of proteins, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 2012-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC3383863/ /pubmed/22735105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4026 Text en © Lagiou et al 2012 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ and http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/legalcode. |
spellingShingle | Research Lagiou, Pagona Sandin, Sven Lof, Marie Trichopoulos, Dimitrios Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study |
title | Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study |
title_full | Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study |
title_fullStr | Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study |
title_short | Low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Swedish women: prospective cohort study |
title_sort | low carbohydrate-high protein diet and incidence of cardiovascular diseases in swedish women: prospective cohort study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383863/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735105 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4026 |
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