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The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families
One of the major aims of contemporary evolutionary biology is the understanding of the current pattern of biological diversity. This involves, first, the description of character distribution at various nodes of the phylogenetic tree of life and, second, the functional explanation of such changes. T...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3388334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22779028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490894 |
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author | Markov, Gabriel V. Sommer, Ralf J. |
author_facet | Markov, Gabriel V. Sommer, Ralf J. |
author_sort | Markov, Gabriel V. |
collection | PubMed |
description | One of the major aims of contemporary evolutionary biology is the understanding of the current pattern of biological diversity. This involves, first, the description of character distribution at various nodes of the phylogenetic tree of life and, second, the functional explanation of such changes. The analysis of character distribution is a powerful tool at both the morphological and molecular levels. Recent high-throughput sequencing approaches provide new opportunities to study the genetic architecture of organisms at the genome-wide level. In eukaryotes, one overarching finding is the absence of simple correlations of gene count and biological complexity. Instead, the domain architecture of proteins is becoming a central focus for large-scale evolutionary innovations. Here, we review examples of the evolution of novelty in conserved gene families in insects and nematodes. We highlight how in the absence of whole-genome duplications molecular novelty can arise, how members of gene families have diversified at distinct mechanistic levels, and how gene expression can be maintained in the context of multiple innovations in regulatory mechanisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3388334 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33883342012-07-09 The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families Markov, Gabriel V. Sommer, Ralf J. Int J Evol Biol Review Article One of the major aims of contemporary evolutionary biology is the understanding of the current pattern of biological diversity. This involves, first, the description of character distribution at various nodes of the phylogenetic tree of life and, second, the functional explanation of such changes. The analysis of character distribution is a powerful tool at both the morphological and molecular levels. Recent high-throughput sequencing approaches provide new opportunities to study the genetic architecture of organisms at the genome-wide level. In eukaryotes, one overarching finding is the absence of simple correlations of gene count and biological complexity. Instead, the domain architecture of proteins is becoming a central focus for large-scale evolutionary innovations. Here, we review examples of the evolution of novelty in conserved gene families in insects and nematodes. We highlight how in the absence of whole-genome duplications molecular novelty can arise, how members of gene families have diversified at distinct mechanistic levels, and how gene expression can be maintained in the context of multiple innovations in regulatory mechanisms. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-06-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3388334/ /pubmed/22779028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490894 Text en Copyright © 2012 G. V. Markov and R. J. Sommer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Markov, Gabriel V. Sommer, Ralf J. The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families |
title | The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families |
title_full | The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families |
title_fullStr | The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families |
title_full_unstemmed | The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families |
title_short | The Evolution of Novelty in Conserved Gene Families |
title_sort | evolution of novelty in conserved gene families |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3388334/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22779028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/490894 |
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