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Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey
BACKGROUND: Canada is facing a childhood obesity epidemic. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major complication of obesity. Reports on the impact of excess adiposity on BP in children and adolescents have varied significantly across studies. We evaluated the independent effects of obesity, physical...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395567/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642714 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-388 |
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author | Shi, Yipu de Groh, Margaret Morrison, Howard |
author_facet | Shi, Yipu de Groh, Margaret Morrison, Howard |
author_sort | Shi, Yipu |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Canada is facing a childhood obesity epidemic. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major complication of obesity. Reports on the impact of excess adiposity on BP in children and adolescents have varied significantly across studies. We evaluated the independent effects of obesity, physical activity, family history of hypertension, and socioeconomic status on BP in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data for 1850 children aged 6 to 17 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, Cycle 1, 2007–2009. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were age-, sex-, and height-adjusted to z-scores (SBPZ and DBPZ). Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated based on World Health Organization growth standards. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent effects of relevant variables on SBPZ and DBPZ. RESULTS: For most age/sex groups, obesity was positively associated with SBP. Being obese was associated with higher DBP in adolescent boys only. The BP effect of obesity showed earlier in young girls than boys. Obese adolescents were estimated to have an average 7.6 mmHg higher SBP than normal weight adolescents. BMI had the strongest effect on BP among obese children and adolescents. Moderately active adolescent boys had higher SBP (3.9 mmHg) and DBP (4.9 mmHg) than physically active boys. Family history of hypertension showed effects on SBP and DBP in younger girls and adolescent boys. Both family income and parent education demonstrated independent associations with BP in young children. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the early impact of excess adiposity, insufficient physical activity, family history of hypertension, and socioeconomic inequalities on BP. Early interventions to reduce childhood obesity can, among other things, reduce exposure to prolonged BP elevation and the future risk of cardiovascular disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3395567 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33955672012-07-13 Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey Shi, Yipu de Groh, Margaret Morrison, Howard BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Canada is facing a childhood obesity epidemic. Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major complication of obesity. Reports on the impact of excess adiposity on BP in children and adolescents have varied significantly across studies. We evaluated the independent effects of obesity, physical activity, family history of hypertension, and socioeconomic status on BP in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data for 1850 children aged 6 to 17 years who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, Cycle 1, 2007–2009. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were age-, sex-, and height-adjusted to z-scores (SBPZ and DBPZ). Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated based on World Health Organization growth standards. Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent effects of relevant variables on SBPZ and DBPZ. RESULTS: For most age/sex groups, obesity was positively associated with SBP. Being obese was associated with higher DBP in adolescent boys only. The BP effect of obesity showed earlier in young girls than boys. Obese adolescents were estimated to have an average 7.6 mmHg higher SBP than normal weight adolescents. BMI had the strongest effect on BP among obese children and adolescents. Moderately active adolescent boys had higher SBP (3.9 mmHg) and DBP (4.9 mmHg) than physically active boys. Family history of hypertension showed effects on SBP and DBP in younger girls and adolescent boys. Both family income and parent education demonstrated independent associations with BP in young children. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the early impact of excess adiposity, insufficient physical activity, family history of hypertension, and socioeconomic inequalities on BP. Early interventions to reduce childhood obesity can, among other things, reduce exposure to prolonged BP elevation and the future risk of cardiovascular disease. BioMed Central 2012-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3395567/ /pubmed/22642714 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-388 Text en Copyright ©2012 Shi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Shi, Yipu de Groh, Margaret Morrison, Howard Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey |
title | Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey |
title_full | Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey |
title_fullStr | Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey |
title_short | Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey |
title_sort | increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in canadian children and adolescents from the canadian health measures survey |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395567/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22642714 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-388 |
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