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Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation
BACKGROUND: It has been previously suggested that angiogenesis occurs during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, a rise in uterine blood flow is largely maintained by vasodilatation and substantial increases in angiogenesis. It is known that estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are involved in angiogenes...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2012
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395836/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22252173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-2 |
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author | Matsubara, Yuko Matsubara, Keiichi |
author_facet | Matsubara, Yuko Matsubara, Keiichi |
author_sort | Matsubara, Yuko |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: It has been previously suggested that angiogenesis occurs during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, a rise in uterine blood flow is largely maintained by vasodilatation and substantial increases in angiogenesis. It is known that estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are involved in angiogenesis. Recently, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were found to be involved in neovascularization; however, their roles in uterine neovascularization have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that E2- or P4-mediated EPC proliferation plays important roles in uterine neovascularization during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: The number of EPCs in peripheral blood from subjects in the menstrual phase (n = 12), follicular phase (n = 8), and luteal phase (n = 16), was measured using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured for seven days with or without 17beta-estradiol (E2beta) or P4, followed by assessment of EPC proliferation based upon the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) and lectin. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) in EPCs was also evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS: E2beta and P4 significantly increased the proliferation of EPCs derived from the peripheral blood of subjects in menstrual phase, but not subjects in the luteal phase. In addition, the expression level of ERalpha was markedly higher than ERbeta in EPCs derived from women in menstrual phase. CONCLUSIONS: EPC proliferation is induced during the menstrual phase and proliferation can be affected by estrogen through ERalpha activation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-3395836 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-33958362012-07-14 Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation Matsubara, Yuko Matsubara, Keiichi Reprod Biol Endocrinol Research BACKGROUND: It has been previously suggested that angiogenesis occurs during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, a rise in uterine blood flow is largely maintained by vasodilatation and substantial increases in angiogenesis. It is known that estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) are involved in angiogenesis. Recently, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were found to be involved in neovascularization; however, their roles in uterine neovascularization have not been well characterized. We hypothesized that E2- or P4-mediated EPC proliferation plays important roles in uterine neovascularization during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: The number of EPCs in peripheral blood from subjects in the menstrual phase (n = 12), follicular phase (n = 8), and luteal phase (n = 16), was measured using flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured for seven days with or without 17beta-estradiol (E2beta) or P4, followed by assessment of EPC proliferation based upon the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) and lectin. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) in EPCs was also evaluated using real-time PCR. RESULTS: E2beta and P4 significantly increased the proliferation of EPCs derived from the peripheral blood of subjects in menstrual phase, but not subjects in the luteal phase. In addition, the expression level of ERalpha was markedly higher than ERbeta in EPCs derived from women in menstrual phase. CONCLUSIONS: EPC proliferation is induced during the menstrual phase and proliferation can be affected by estrogen through ERalpha activation. BioMed Central 2012-01-17 /pmc/articles/PMC3395836/ /pubmed/22252173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-2 Text en Copyright ©2012 Matsubara and Matsubara; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Matsubara, Yuko Matsubara, Keiichi Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
title | Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
title_full | Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
title_fullStr | Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
title_full_unstemmed | Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
title_short | Estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
title_sort | estrogen and progesterone play pivotal roles in endothelial progenitor cell proliferation |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395836/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22252173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-2 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT matsubarayuko estrogenandprogesteroneplaypivotalrolesinendothelialprogenitorcellproliferation AT matsubarakeiichi estrogenandprogesteroneplaypivotalrolesinendothelialprogenitorcellproliferation |