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Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications

Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the most common type of bladder cancer, is one of the most expensive malignancies to treat due to its high rate of recurrence. The characterization of the genetic alterations associated with UC has revealed the presence of two mutually exclusive molecular pathways along wh...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Han, Han, Wolff, Erika M., Liang, Gangning
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22829811
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/546917
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author Han, Han
Wolff, Erika M.
Liang, Gangning
author_facet Han, Han
Wolff, Erika M.
Liang, Gangning
author_sort Han, Han
collection PubMed
description Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the most common type of bladder cancer, is one of the most expensive malignancies to treat due to its high rate of recurrence. The characterization of the genetic alterations associated with UC has revealed the presence of two mutually exclusive molecular pathways along which distinct genetic abnormalities contribute to the formation of invasive and noninvasive tumors. Here, we focus on the epigenetic alterations found in UC, including the presence of an epigenetic field defect throughout bladders with tumors. A distinct hypomethylation pattern was found in noninvasive tumors, whereas widespread hypermethylation was found in invasive tumors, indicating the two pathways given rise to two tumor types also differ epigenetically. Since certain epigenetic alterations precede histopathological changes, they can serve as excellent markers for the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and surveillance tools. In addition, their dynamic nature and reversibility with pharmacological interventions open new and exciting avenues for therapies. The epigenetic abnormalities associated with UC would make it an excellent target for epigenetic therapy, which is currently approved for the treatment of a few hematological malignancies. Future research is needed to address efficacy and potential toxicity issues before it can be implemented as a therapeutic strategy for solid tumors.
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spelling pubmed-33971592012-07-24 Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications Han, Han Wolff, Erika M. Liang, Gangning Adv Urol Review Article Urothelial carcinoma (UC), the most common type of bladder cancer, is one of the most expensive malignancies to treat due to its high rate of recurrence. The characterization of the genetic alterations associated with UC has revealed the presence of two mutually exclusive molecular pathways along which distinct genetic abnormalities contribute to the formation of invasive and noninvasive tumors. Here, we focus on the epigenetic alterations found in UC, including the presence of an epigenetic field defect throughout bladders with tumors. A distinct hypomethylation pattern was found in noninvasive tumors, whereas widespread hypermethylation was found in invasive tumors, indicating the two pathways given rise to two tumor types also differ epigenetically. Since certain epigenetic alterations precede histopathological changes, they can serve as excellent markers for the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and surveillance tools. In addition, their dynamic nature and reversibility with pharmacological interventions open new and exciting avenues for therapies. The epigenetic abnormalities associated with UC would make it an excellent target for epigenetic therapy, which is currently approved for the treatment of a few hematological malignancies. Future research is needed to address efficacy and potential toxicity issues before it can be implemented as a therapeutic strategy for solid tumors. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-06-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3397159/ /pubmed/22829811 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/546917 Text en Copyright © 2012 Han Han et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Han, Han
Wolff, Erika M.
Liang, Gangning
Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications
title Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications
title_full Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications
title_fullStr Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications
title_short Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer and Their Potential Clinical Implications
title_sort epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer and their potential clinical implications
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22829811
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/546917
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