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Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study

BACKGROUND: Delay in calling emergency medical services following stroke limits access to early treatment that can reduce disability. Emergency medical services contact is mostly initiated by stroke witnesses (often relatives), rather than stroke patients. This study explored appraisal and behaviour...

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Autores principales: Dombrowski, Stephan U., Sniehotta, Falko F., Mackintosh, Joan, White, Martin, Rodgers, Helen, Thomson, Richard G., Murtagh, Madeleine J., Ford, Gary A., Eccles, Martin P., Araujo-Soares, Vera
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22911691
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039852
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author Dombrowski, Stephan U.
Sniehotta, Falko F.
Mackintosh, Joan
White, Martin
Rodgers, Helen
Thomson, Richard G.
Murtagh, Madeleine J.
Ford, Gary A.
Eccles, Martin P.
Araujo-Soares, Vera
author_facet Dombrowski, Stephan U.
Sniehotta, Falko F.
Mackintosh, Joan
White, Martin
Rodgers, Helen
Thomson, Richard G.
Murtagh, Madeleine J.
Ford, Gary A.
Eccles, Martin P.
Araujo-Soares, Vera
author_sort Dombrowski, Stephan U.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Delay in calling emergency medical services following stroke limits access to early treatment that can reduce disability. Emergency medical services contact is mostly initiated by stroke witnesses (often relatives), rather than stroke patients. This study explored appraisal and behavioural factors that are potentially important in influencing witness behaviour in response to stroke. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Semi-structured interviews with 26 stroke witnesses were transcribed and theory-guided content analysed was undertaken based on the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (appraisal processes) and Theory Domains Framework (behavioural determinants). Response behaviours were often influenced by heuristics-guided appraisal (i.e. mental rules of thumb). Some witnesses described their responses to the situation as ‘automatic’ and ‘instinctive’, rather than products of deliberation. Potential behavioural influences included: environmental context and resources (e.g. time of day), social influence (e.g. prompts from patients) and beliefs about consequences (e.g. 999 accesses rapid help). Findings are based on retrospective accounts and need further verification in prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS: Witnesses play a key role in patient access to emergency medical services. Factors that potentially influence witnesses’ responses to stroke were identified and could inform behavioural interventions and future research. Interventions might benefit from linking automatic/instinctive threat perceptions with deliberate appraisal of stroke symptoms, prompting action to call emergency medical services.
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spelling pubmed-34012342012-07-30 Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study Dombrowski, Stephan U. Sniehotta, Falko F. Mackintosh, Joan White, Martin Rodgers, Helen Thomson, Richard G. Murtagh, Madeleine J. Ford, Gary A. Eccles, Martin P. Araujo-Soares, Vera PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Delay in calling emergency medical services following stroke limits access to early treatment that can reduce disability. Emergency medical services contact is mostly initiated by stroke witnesses (often relatives), rather than stroke patients. This study explored appraisal and behavioural factors that are potentially important in influencing witness behaviour in response to stroke. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Semi-structured interviews with 26 stroke witnesses were transcribed and theory-guided content analysed was undertaken based on the Common Sense Self-Regulation Model (appraisal processes) and Theory Domains Framework (behavioural determinants). Response behaviours were often influenced by heuristics-guided appraisal (i.e. mental rules of thumb). Some witnesses described their responses to the situation as ‘automatic’ and ‘instinctive’, rather than products of deliberation. Potential behavioural influences included: environmental context and resources (e.g. time of day), social influence (e.g. prompts from patients) and beliefs about consequences (e.g. 999 accesses rapid help). Findings are based on retrospective accounts and need further verification in prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS: Witnesses play a key role in patient access to emergency medical services. Factors that potentially influence witnesses’ responses to stroke were identified and could inform behavioural interventions and future research. Interventions might benefit from linking automatic/instinctive threat perceptions with deliberate appraisal of stroke symptoms, prompting action to call emergency medical services. Public Library of Science 2012-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC3401234/ /pubmed/22911691 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039852 Text en Dombrowski et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Dombrowski, Stephan U.
Sniehotta, Falko F.
Mackintosh, Joan
White, Martin
Rodgers, Helen
Thomson, Richard G.
Murtagh, Madeleine J.
Ford, Gary A.
Eccles, Martin P.
Araujo-Soares, Vera
Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study
title Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study
title_full Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study
title_fullStr Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study
title_full_unstemmed Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study
title_short Witness Response at Acute Onset of Stroke: A Qualitative Theory-Guided Study
title_sort witness response at acute onset of stroke: a qualitative theory-guided study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3401234/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22911691
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039852
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